Text size: A- Reset A+ ← Back to Romans 9 Home Romans 10 → Romans Chapter 9 Juridical and substantial Reading key · not a replacement chapter Legend J — juridical transformation: changes standing before God S — substantial transformation: changes the person, the life, or the body J+S — both together Israel’s flesh is real. Paul names it with grief. But the seed that counts is not that flesh. It is the seed God puts on the books of promise. Grief according to the flesh · J 1–5 Kinsmen according to the flesh. Adoption, covenants, law, worship, promises. Christ according to the flesh. None of that is fictitious. None of it is the final verdict by itself. The list is of juridical and covenantal privileges. J . Counted as seed · J 6–8 Not all who are of Israel are Israel. Not the children of the flesh are children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as seed. λογίζεται again. Birth does not decide the account. Promise d...