Matthew from Clementine

The Gospel According to Matthew

Everyday English Translation with Vulgate Clementine Notes

Chapter:

Matthew 1

1 This is the family history of Jesus the Messiah, a descendant of David and Abraham.

2 Abraham was the father of Isaac, Isaac was the father of Jacob, Jacob was the father of Judah and his brothers.

3 Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah, the mother was Tamar. Perez was the father of Hezron, Hezron was the father of Ram.

4 Ram was the father of Amminadab, Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, Nahshon was the father of Salmon.

5 Salmon was the father of Boaz, the mother was Rahab. Boaz was the father of Obed, the mother was Ruth. Obed was the father of Jesse.

6 Jesse was the father of King David. David was the father of Solomon, whose mother had been Uriah's wife.

7 Solomon was the father of Rehoboam, Rehoboam was the father of Abijah, Abijah was the father of Asa.

8 Asa was the father of Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat was the father of Joram, Joram was the father of Uzziah.

9 Uzziah was the father of Jotham, Jotham was the father of Ahaz, Ahaz was the father of Hezekiah.

10 Hezekiah was the father of Manasseh, Manasseh was the father of Amon, Amon was the father of Josiah.

11 Josiah was the father of Jeconiah and his brothers, at the time they were taken to Babylon.

12 After being taken to Babylon, Jeconiah was the father of Shealtiel, Shealtiel was the father of Zerubbabel.

13 Zerubbabel was the father of Abiud, Abiud was the father of Eliakim, Eliakim was the father of Azor.

14 Azor was the father of Zadok, Zadok was the father of Achim, Achim was the father of Eliud.

15 Eliud was the father of Eleazar, Eleazar was the father of Matthan, Matthan was the father of Jacob.

16 Jacob was the father of Joseph, the husband of Mary, and Mary was the mother of Jesus, who is called the Messiah.

17 So there were fourteen generations from Abraham to David, fourteen from David to Babylon, and fourteen from Babylon to the Messiah.

18 This is how Jesus the Messiah was born. His mother Mary was engaged to Joseph, but before they started living together, she was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit.

19 Her husband Joseph was a good man and didn’t want to put her to public shame, so he planned to break off the engagement quietly.

20 While he was thinking about it, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, Joseph, son of David, don't be afraid to take Mary as your wife. The child inside her is from the Holy Spirit.

21 She will have a son, and you will name him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.

22 All of this happened to make what the Lord said through the prophet come true:

23 A virgin will be pregnant and will have a son, and they will call him Emmanuel, which means God with us.

24 When Joseph woke up, he did what the angel had told him and took Mary as his wife.

25 But he did not have relations with her until she had her first son, and he named him Jesus.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes

1 Liber generationis - the Clementine uses "book of generation" not "birth" to mean official family register.

2-6 Genuit appears 39 times - literally "begot," old legal term for fathering. Shows legal lineage, not just biology.

3 De Thamar - Clementine keeps "from Tamar" to flag her story. Same with de Rahab and ex Ruth in v5 - two different prepositions meaning "from" but ex is more personal.

6 Ex ea quae fuit Uriae - Clementine refuses to name Bathsheba, says "from her who had been Uriah's." Very deliberate.

8 Clementine spelling is Josophat not Josaphat, Oziam not Uzziah - reflects 1592 Roman pronunciation.

11 In transmigratione Babylonis - not "captivity." Clementine uses Roman legal word for forced relocation.

16 De qua natus est Jesus - qua is feminine singular. Grammatically it can only refer to Mary, not Joseph and Mary together. The Latin itself teaches the virgin birth.

18 Antequam convenirent - literally "before they came together." Clementine euphemism for living together as married couple.

19 Traducere - does not mean divorce. Means to parade someone, make a public spectacle, hand them over to a trial. Justus means both law-abiding and merciful.

20 Haec autem eo cogitante, ecce - "while he was thinking this, behold" - classic Clementine narrative marker.

21 Vocabis... Jesum: ipse enim salvum faciet - Wordplay: Jesus = "God saves" and ipse = "he himself" will do it.

23 Vocabunt - Clementine says "they will call him" not "you will call him." Follows the Greek Septuagint.

25 Non cognoscebat eam - Imperfect tense, ongoing action: "he was not having relations with her." Primogenitum = firstborn, legal term for heir.

Matthew 2

1 When Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, during the time of King Herod, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem.

2 They asked, Where is the one who was born king of the Jews? We saw his star in the east and we have come to worship him.

3 When King Herod heard this, he was disturbed, and all Jerusalem with him.

4 He gathered together all the chief priests and the teachers of the law and asked them where the Messiah was to be born.

5 They told him, In Bethlehem of Judea, for this is what was written by the prophet:

6 And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, you are by no means least among the rulers of Judah, for from you will come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.

7 Then Herod called the wise men secretly and found out from them exactly when the star had appeared.

8 He sent them to Bethlehem and said, Go and search carefully for the child. When you find him, report back to me, so that I too can go and worship him.

9 After hearing the king, they left. And the star they had seen in the east went ahead of them until it stopped over the place where the child was.

10 When they saw the star, they were overjoyed with very great joy.

11 They went into the house and found the child with his mother Mary, and they bowed down and worshiped him. Then they opened their treasures and gave him gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh.

12 And having been warned in a dream not to go back to Herod, they returned to their country by another route.

13 After they left, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, Get up, take the child and his mother and escape to Egypt. Stay there until I tell you, because Herod is going to search for the child to kill him.

14 So Joseph got up, took the child and his mother during the night, and left for Egypt.

15 He stayed there until Herod died. This happened to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet: Out of Egypt I called my son.

16 When Herod realized he had been outsmarted by the wise men, he was furious. He gave orders to kill all the boys in Bethlehem and its surroundings, two years old and under, according to the time he had learned from the wise men.

17 Then what was said through the prophet Jeremiah came true:

18 A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more.

19 After Herod died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt.

20 And said, Get up, take the child and his mother and go to the land of Israel, because those who were trying to take the child's life are dead.

21 So Joseph got up, took the child and his mother, and went to the land of Israel.

22 But when he heard that Archelaus was ruling in Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. And having been warned in a dream, he withdrew to the region of Galilee.

23 And he went and lived in a town called Nazareth, so that what was spoken through the prophets might be fulfilled: He will be called a Nazarene.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 2

1 Cum ergo natus esset... in diebus Herodis regis - ergo = "therefore/so" connects directly to chapter 1. Clementine says Bethlehem Juda not Judea - Juda is old genitive form. Magi ab oriente - not "kings," magi = Persian wise men, astrologers.

2 Ubi est qui natus est rex Judæorum? - present tense qui natus est = "the one who has been born and is now." Stellam ejus in oriente - Clementine singular in oriente = "in the east" as a region, not "at its rising."

3 Audiens autem Herodes rex, turbatus est - turbatus = disturbed, agitated, thrown into confusion. Not just upset.

4 Principes sacerdotum, et scribas populi - literally "leaders of priests and scribes of the people." Two groups that ran the Temple.

5-6 Sic enim scriptum est per prophetam - prophetic quote from Micah 5:2. Clementine adds italics in print: Et tu Bethlehem... Note minima es in principibus - "least among leaders" - Bethlehem was tiny.

7 Clam vocatis magis diligenter didicit - clam = secretly, quietly. Diligenter = diligently, carefully. Herod is interrogating.

8 Interrogate diligenter de puero - puer = boy/child, not baby. Shows time has passed since birth. Same word in v9, 11,13,14.

9 Stella... antecedebat eos... staret supra - antecedebat = was going before, leading. Staret supra = stood still over. Very visual verb.

10 Gavisi sunt gaudio magno valde - Clementine loves doubling: "they rejoiced with joy great very." Hebrew-style emphasis. Literally "great joy very much."

11 Procidentes adoraverunt - procidentes = falling forward prostrate, face down. Not just bowing. Thesauris suis = their treasure chests/boxes. Thus, et myrrham - Frankincense for God, myrrh for burial - early Christians saw symbolism.

12 Responso accepto in somnis - responso = answer, divine warning. Not just a dream, a response from God.

13 Fuge in Ægyptum - Imperative fuge = flee, escape. Strong command. Egypt was outside Herod's jurisdiction and had a large Jewish population.

15 Ex Ægypto vocavi filium meum - From Hosea 11:1. Originally about Israel leaving Egypt, Matthew applies to Jesus. Obitum Herodis = death of Herod (euphemism - "going away").

16 Illusus esset a magis - illusus = mocked, tricked, made fun of. Herod felt humiliated. A bimatu et infra - "from two years and below" - Clementine's precise age marker. That's why tradition says Jesus was up to 2 here.

18 Vox in Rama audita est - From Jeremiah 31:15. Rama is near Bethlehem. Rachel plorans Rachel was mother of Benjamin, tomb was near Bethlehem. Symbol of Israel's mothers.

19-20 Defuncto autem Herode... defuncti sunt enim - defuncto = "having died, finished." Clementine uses same word for Herod and his men - his whole murderous regime is dead.

22 Archelaus regnaret in Judæa pro Herode patre suo - Historical note: Archelaus was so brutal Rome removed him. Joseph was right to be afraid. Secessit in partes Galilææ - secessit = withdrew, retreated. Quieter word than fuge.

23 Nazaræus vocabitur - No single Old Testament verse says this exactly. Clementine notes per prophetas (plural). Probably wordplay on nezer (branch - Isaiah 11:1) and nazir (consecrated).

Matthew 3

1 In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the desert of Judea.

2 He said, Change your hearts and lives, because the kingdom of heaven is near.

3 This is the one the prophet Isaiah was talking about when he said: A voice is shouting in the desert, Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight.

4 John wore clothes made of camel's hair and had a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.

5 People went out to him from Jerusalem and all Judea and all the region around the Jordan.

6 They were baptized by him in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins.

7 When he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?

8 Produce fruit that shows you have really changed.

9 And don't think you can say to yourselves, We have Abraham as our father. I tell you, God can raise up children for Abraham from these stones.

10 The axe is already at the root of the trees. Every tree that doesn't produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.

11 I baptize you with water for changing your lives, but the one coming after me is more powerful than I am. I'm not even worthy to carry his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.

12 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor. He will gather his wheat into the barn, but he will burn the chaff with fire that never goes out.

13 Then Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John.

14 But John tried to stop him, saying, I should be baptized by you, and you are coming to me?

15 Jesus answered him, Let it be this way for now. It's the right thing for us to do to fulfill all righteousness. Then John agreed.

16 As soon as Jesus was baptized, he came up out of the water. And behold, the heavens were opened, and he saw the Spirit of God coming down like a dove and landing on him.

17 And a voice from heaven said, This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 3

1 In diebus autem illis venit Joannes Baptista prædicans in deserto Judææ - Autem = now/then, narrative link. Deserto doesn't mean empty sand - means uninhabited wilderness, hills outside towns.

2 Pœnitentiam agite - Not just "be sorry." Literal Latin: "Do penance / do acts showing repentance." Active, not just feeling. Appropinquavit regnum cælorum - "has drawn near, has come close" - perfect tense, it's already approaching.

3 Vox clamantis in deserto - Quote from Isaiah 40:3. Clementine punctuation puts colon after deserto: the voice is in the desert. Parate viam Domini - prepare, make ready like for a royal visit.

4 Vestimentum de pilis camelorum - Like Elijah in 2 Kings 1:8. Prophet's uniform. Zona pelliceam circa lumbos - leather belt, tough life. Locustæ, et mel silvestre - locusts were clean to eat under Jewish law, honey was wild, not farmed.

5 Exibat ad eum Jerosolyma - Exibat = kept going out, continuous flow. Imperfect tense - crowds kept coming.

6 Confitentes peccata sua - "Confessing" - openly admitting, not private.

7 Pharisæorum, et Sadducæorum - Pharisees were strict law-keepers, Sadducees were Temple aristocrats - enemies, but both come. Progenies viperarum - "offspring of vipers" - very insulting. Ventura ira - "the wrath to come" - judgment day.

8 Facite ergo fructum dignum pœnitentiæ - Do fruit worthy of penance. Real change has to produce something visible.

9 Ne velitis dicere intra vos - "Don't even want to say inside yourselves" - don't even think it. De lapidibus istis - God can make children from these stones around them in the desert - maybe a pun: Hebrew banim (children) and abanim (stones).

10 Jam enim securis ad radicem arborum posita est - Present tense - the axe is already lying at the root, ready. Not future threat.

11 Cujus non sum dignus calceamenta portare - Carrying sandals was slave's work. John says he's not even worthy to be Jesus' slave. In Spiritu Sancto, et igni - two baptisms: Spirit for purification, fire for judgment/refining.

12 Ventilabrum... aream suam - Ventilabrum = winnowing fork, to toss wheat in air. Aream = threshing floor. Paleas = chaff, worthless husks. Igni inextinguibili - fire that can't be put out.

13 Ut baptizaretur ab eo - Passive - "in order that he might be baptized by him." Jesus comes to submit.

14 Joannes autem prohibebat eum - Imperfect prohibebat = kept trying to prevent him, kept saying no.

15 Sine modo - "Allow it now, let it go for now." Implere omnem justitiam - fulfill all righteousness - do everything God requires.

16 Confestim ascendit de aqua - confestim = immediately, at once. Aperti sunt ei cæli - "heavens were opened to him" - dative ei = for him, to him personally. Sicut columbam - like a dove, visual description.

17 Hic est Filius meus dilectus - From Psalm 2:7 + Isaiah 42:1 combined. In quo mihi complacui - "in whom I have taken delight" - perfect tense, ongoing pleasure.

Matthew 4

1 Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil.

2 After fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry.

3 The tempter came to him and said, If you are the Son of God, tell these stones to become bread.

4 Jesus answered, It is written: Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.

5 Then the devil took him to the holy city and had him stand on the highest point of the temple.

6 And said, If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down. For it is written: He will command his angels concerning you, and they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.

7 Jesus answered him, It is also written: Do not put the Lord your God to the test.

8 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor.

9 And said, All this I will give you, if you will bow down and worship me.

10 Jesus said to him, Away from me, Satan! For it is written: Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only.

11 Then the devil left him, and angels came and took care of him.

12 When Jesus heard that John had been put in prison, he withdrew to Galilee.

13 Leaving Nazareth, he went and lived in Capernaum, which was by the lake in the area of Zebulun and Naphtali.

14 This was to fulfill what was said through the prophet Isaiah:

15 Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali, the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles.

16 The people living in darkness have seen a great light; on those living in the land of the shadow of death, a light has dawned.

17 From that time on Jesus began to preach, Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.

18 As Jesus was walking beside the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon called Peter and his brother Andrew. They were casting a net into the lake, for they were fishermen.

19 He said to them, Come, follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.

20 At once they left their nets and followed him.

21 Going on from there, he saw two other brothers, James son of Zebedee and his brother John. They were in a boat with their father Zebedee, mending their nets. Jesus called them.

22 And immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him.

23 Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the good news of the kingdom, and healing every disease and sickness among the people.

24 News about him spread all over Syria, and people brought to him all who were ill with various diseases, those suffering severe pain, the demon-possessed, those having seizures, and the paralyzed, and he healed them.

25 Large crowds from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea and the region across the Jordan followed him.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 4

1 Tunc Jesus ductus est in desertum a Spiritu, ut tentaretur a diabolo - Passive ductus est = was led. Not his idea, Spirit leads. A diabolo = by the devil - personal agent, not just evil.

2 Cum jejunasset quadraginta diebus... postea esuriit - Jejunasset = had fasted completely. 40 days like Moses and Elijah. Postea esuriit = afterwards he hungered - very human, understated.

3 Accedens tentator - Tentator = the tempter, title. Si Filius Dei es, dic ut lapides isti panes fiant - "Say that these stones become breads" - dic ut = command by word. Testing his identity.

4 Non in solo pane vivit homo - Quote from Deut 8:3. Sed in omni verbo, quod procedit de ore Dei - Man lives on God's mouth, not just bread.

5 Assumpsit eum diabolus in sanctam civitatem - Assumpsit = took up, lifted. Sanctam civitatem = Jerusalem, holy city. Pinnaculum templi = pinnacle, wing, highest point - probably 200 ft drop.

6 Mitte te deorsum - "Send yourself down" - throw yourself. Devil quotes Psalm 90:11-12 (91). Ne forte offendas ad lapidem - "lest you strike against a stone" - twist: using Scripture to tempt.

7 Rursum scriptum est: Non tentabis - Rursum = again, on the other hand. From Deut 6:16. Non tentabis = you shall not put to the test.

8 In montem excelsum valde - "Very high mountain" - valde = intensifier. Shows all kingdoms visionary.

9 Si cadens adoraveris me - Cadens = falling down prostrate. Same word procidentes used for wise men worshipping Jesus in 2:11. Devil wants that worship.

10 Vade Satana - Short, sharp command. Jesus calls him Satana = adversary. Quote from Deut 6:13. Illi soli servies - serve him alone.

11 Et ecce angeli accesserunt, et ministrabant ei - After temptation, ecce again angels came and were serving, ministering - imperfect tense, continued care.

12 Cum autem audisset... Joannes traditus esset - Traditus = handed over, betrayed, arrested - same word used for Jesus later.

13 Relicta civitate Nazareth... Capharnaum maritima - Leaves Nazareth for Capernaum - strategic, trade route, fishing town.

14-16 Terra Zabulon... Galilaea gentium - Quote from Isaiah 9:1-2. Populus qui sedebat in tenebris - sitting in darkness - hopeless, settled. Lux orta est = light has risen like sunrise.

17 Exinde coepit Jesus praedicare - Exinde = from then on, new beginning. Same message as John: Pœnitentiam agite - but now kingdom is here.

18 Ambulans... vidit duos fratres - Jesus walking, sees. Mittentes rete - casting net - present action, working men.

19 Venite post me - Come after me - discipleship = follow behind. Piscatores hominum - fishers of men - same skills, new catch.

20 Continuo relictis retibus secuti sunt eum - Continuo = immediately, at once - no hesitation.

21 Reficiences retia sua - reficientes = repairing, mending nets - second pair also working.

23 Circuibat totam Galilaeam, docens... praedicans... sanans - Three ongoing actions: teaching, preaching, healing. Omnem languorem, et omnem infirmitatem - languor = disease, infirmitas = weakness, sickness.

24 Opinio ejus - literally his reputation went out. Lunaticos = moon-struck, epileptics. Paralyticos - all cured.

25 Turbae multae... de Decapoli - Decapolis = Ten Cities, Gentile area - already crowds from non-Jewish regions following.

Matthew 5

1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountain, and when he sat down, his disciples came to him.

2 And he opened his mouth and taught them, saying:

3 Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.

5 Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.

6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied.

7 Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy.

8 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.

9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God.

10 Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

11 Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you, and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me.

12 Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven. In the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

13 You are the salt of the earth. But if salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled by people.

14 You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden.

15 Nor do people light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house.

16 In the same way, let your light shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven.

17 Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.

18 Truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.

19 Therefore anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

20 For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.

21 You have heard that it was said to those of old, You shall not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.

22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother or sister will be subject to judgment. Anyone who says to his brother, Raca, will be subject to the council. And anyone who says, You fool, will be in danger of the fire of hell.

23 Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother or sister has something against you,

24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to them, then come and offer your gift.

25 Settle matters quickly with your adversary who is taking you to court. Do it while you are still together on the way, or your adversary may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison.

26 Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.

27 You have heard that it was said, You shall not commit adultery.

28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.

29 If your right eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.

30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.

31 It has been said, Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.

32 But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, makes her the victim of adultery, and anyone who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.

33 Again, you have heard that it was said to the people long ago, Do not break your oath, but fulfill to the Lord the vows you have made.

34 But I tell you, do not swear an oath at all: either by heaven, for it is God's throne;

35 or by the earth, for it is his footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the Great King.

36 And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make even one hair white or black.

37 Let your Yes be Yes, and your No be No. Anything more than this comes from evil.

38 You have heard that it was said, Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.

39 But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.

40 And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well.

41 If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles.

42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.

43 You have heard that it was said, Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.

44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,

45 that you may be children of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.

46 If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Do not even the tax collectors do that?

47 And if you greet only your own people, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that?

48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 5

1 Videns autem Jesus turbas, ascendit in montem - Turbas = crowds, multitudes. Ascendit in montem = new Moses going up mountain. Cum sedisset = when he sat - rabbis taught sitting.

2 Aperiens os suum docebat eos - "Opening his mouth he taught" - Hebrew idiom for solemn speech.

3-12 Beati - not just happy, blessed, fortunate, to be envied. Nine beatitudes in Clementine. Each starts with Beati.

3 Pauperes spiritu - poor in spirit, not just poor. Those who know they have nothing. Ipsorum est regnum - theirs IS, present tense, already.

4 Qui lugent - mourners, those grieving over sin and world. Will be comforted - consolabuntur future.

5 Mites - meek, gentle, non-violent, like Moses. Will inherit terram - land/earth, promise to Israel expanded.

6 Esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam - hunger and thirst - physical craving for righteousness.

9 Pacifici - peacemakers, not peace-keepers. Active makers.

10 Qui persecutionem patiuntur propter justitiam - persecuted for righteousness, not for being annoying.

11 Mentientes - lying, falsely adds condition.

13 Vos estis sal terræ - You ARE salt - identity, not task. Si sal evanuerit - if salt vanishes, becomes tasteless ancient salt could lose flavor.

14 Lux mundi... Civitas supra montem posita - City on hill - Jerusalem was visible, maybe referencing itself.

17 Non veni solvere, sed adimplere - Solvere = to loosen, destroy, tear down. Adimplere = to fulfill, fill full.

18 Jota unum, aut unus apex - Jota = smallest Hebrew letter yod. Apex = little horn/serif on letter. Not even smallest mark passes.

22 Raca - Aramaic insult, empty-head, airhead. Fatue fool, godless fool. Gehinnæ ignis - Gehenna fire, Jerusalem garbage dump that burned always - image of hell.

25 Esto consentiens adversario tuo cito - consentiens = agreeable, settle quickly. Legal advice.

26 Novissimum quadrantem - quadrans = smallest Roman coin, 1/4 of penny. Until last cent.

28 Ad concupiscendum eam - "in order to lust after her" - intentional lustful look.

29-30 Scandalizat te - causes you to stumble/sin. Semitic exaggeration - not literal self-harm, but drastic removal of temptation.

32 Excepta fornicationis causa - fornicatio broad sexual immorality. Clementine's divorce clause.

34-37 Nolite jurare... Sit autem sermo vester: Est, est, Non, non - Don't swear by created things. Let your word be enough.

38 Oculum pro oculo - Law of retaliation from Exodus 21:24 - to limit revenge, not encourage.

39 Non resistere malo - Not non-resistance to evil in general, but personal revenge. Dexteram maxillam - right cheek - insulting slap from backhand.

41 Angariaverit mille passus - angariare = Roman law forcing you to carry baggage for a soldier one mile. Go two.

44 Diligite inimicos vestros - Diligite = love with action, not feeling.

45 Solem suum oriri facit - He makes his sun rise - common grace for all.

48 Estote ergo vos perfecti, sicut et Pater vester cælestis perfectus est - Perfecti = complete, mature, whole, like God. End goal of sermon.

Matthew 6

1 Be careful not to practice your righteousness in front of others to be seen by them. If you do, you will have no reward from your Father in heaven.

2 So when you give to the needy, don't announce it with trumpets, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honored by people. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full.

3 But when you give to the needy, don't let your left hand know what your right hand is doing,

4 so that your giving may be in secret. And your Father, who sees in secret, will reward you.

5 And when you pray, don't be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full.

6 But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your Father, who sees in secret, will reward you.

7 And when you pray, don't keep babbling like pagans, for they think they will be heard because of their many words.

8 Don't be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him.

9 So this is how you should pray: Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name.

10 Your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.

11 Give us today our daily bread.

12 And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.

13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.

14 For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.

15 But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins.

16 When you fast, don't look somber as the hypocrites do, for they disfigure their faces to show others they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full.

17 But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,

18 so that it will not be obvious to others that you are fasting, but only to your Father, who is unseen; and your Father, who sees in secret, will reward you.

19 Don't store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moths and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal.

20 But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moths and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal.

21 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

22 The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are healthy, your whole body will be full of light.

23 But if your eyes are unhealthy, your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light within you is darkness, how great is that darkness!

24 No one can serve two masters. Either you will hate the one and love the other, or you will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money.

25 Therefore I tell you, don't worry about your life, what you will eat or drink; or about your body, what you will wear. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothes?

26 Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they?

27 Can any one of you by worrying add a single hour to your life?

28 And why do you worry about clothes? See how the flowers of the field grow. They do not labor or spin.

29 Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor was dressed like one of these.

30 If that is how God clothes the grass of the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the fire, will he not much more clothe you you of little faith?

31 So do not worry, saying, What shall we eat? or What shall we drink? or What shall we wear?

32 For the pagans run after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them.

33 But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.

34 Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 6

1 Attendite ne justitiam vestram faciatis coram hominibus - Justitiam = your righteous deeds, alms, prayer, fasting. Not just justice. Coram hominibus, ut videamini ab eis = in front of men, in order to be seen by them. Motive matters. Mercedem = wage, reward, payment.

2 Noli tuba canere ante te - "Don't trumpet before you" - idiom for making a show. Sicut hypocritæ - hypocrita = stage actor wearing mask. In synagogis et in vicis = synagogues and alleys.

3 Nesciat sinistra tua quid faciat dextera tua - Left hand not knowing what right hand does - exaggeration for total secrecy.

4 In abscondito... qui videt in abscondito - Abscondito = hidden, secret place. God sees in secret.

5 In angulis platearum stantes orare - Standing at corners of streets - to be seen.

6 Intra in cubiculum tuum, et clauso ostio - Cubiculum = inner room, bedroom, storeroom. Private place. Clauso ostio = door shut.

7 Nolite multum loqui, sicut ethnici - Don't babble much like pagans. Multiloquio = much speaking, thinking words force God.

8 Quid opus sit vobis - What is needful for you - what you actually need, not want.

9-13 The Our Father - Clementine has Pater noster... as central prayer.

11 Panem nostrum supersubstantialem - Famous Clementine word: supersubstantialem. Not just "daily" - means super-substantial, over-substantial, essential, heavenly, Eucharistic bread. Greek epiousios is hard to translate. Clementine keeps mystery.

12 Debita nostra... debitoribus nostris - Debts/debtors - Jewish idiom for sins.

13 Et ne nos inducas in tentationem - "Do not lead us into temptation" - permissive, not causing, but allowing. A malo = from evil, or from the Evil One - both in Latin.

14-15 Delicta vestra - delicta = faults, failings. Added explanation to Our Father.

16 Tristes. Exterminant enim facies suas - Tristes = gloomy, sad-faced. Exterminant = disfigure, destroy, make ugly they make faces look ruined.

19 Ubi ærugo, et tinea demolitur - Ærugo = rust, corrosion. Tinea = moth. Effodiunt, et furantur - dig through walls (mud-brick houses) and steal.

22 Lucerna corporis tui est oculus tuus - Lamp of body is eye. Simplex = single, simple, healthy, clear, generous. Nequam = evil, bad, stingy.

24 Mammonæ - Aramaic word kept - wealth personified as master.

25 Ne solliciti sitis animæ vestræ - Solliciti = anxious, torn in pieces. Anima = life/soul.

27 Ad staturam suam cubitum unum - Statura can mean height or lifespan. One cubit = 18 inches - can't add time or height by worrying.

28 Considerate lilia agri - Consider lilies - look closely, learn.

30 Fænum agri... cras in clibanum mittitur - Grass today, tomorrow thrown into oven - ovens were fired with dried grass.

34 Sufficit diei malitia sua - Famous ending: "Sufficient for the day is its own evil/trouble" malitia = badness, trouble, hardship.

Matthew 7

1 Do not judge, or you too will be judged.

2 For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.

3 Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye?

4 How can you say to your brother, Let me take the speck out of your eye, when all the time there is a plank in your own eye?

5 You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother's eye.

6 Do not give what is holy to dogs, and do not throw your pearls before pigs. If you do, they may trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you to pieces.

7 Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you.

8 For everyone who asks receives, the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.

9 Which of you, if your son asks for bread, will give him a stone?

10 Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?

11 If you, then, though you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good things to those who ask him!

12 So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets.

13 Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it.

14 But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.

15 Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves.

16 By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles?

17 Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit.

18 A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree cannot bear good fruit.

19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.

20 Thus, by their fruit you will recognize them.

21 Not everyone who says to me, Lord, Lord, will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.

22 Many will say to me on that day, Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?

23 Then I will tell them plainly, I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!

24 Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock.

25 The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock.

26 But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man who built his house on sand.

27 The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash.

28 When Jesus had finished saying these things, the crowds were amazed at his teaching,

29 because he taught as one who had authority, and not as their teachers of the law.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 7

1 Nolite judicare, ut non judicemini - Present imperative - stop judging habitually. Ut non judicemini = so that you may not be judged - divine passive, God judging you.

2 In quo enim judicio judicaveritis - Wordplay: same root judicio... judicaveritis... judicabimini. Mensa... mensi fueritis, remetietur - measure for measure - marketplace image.

3 Festucam... trabem - Festuca = speck, straw, splinter. Trabs = beam, log, main rafter holding house. Comical image.

4 Sine ejiciam festucam - "Allow me, let me cast out" - offers to help while blind.

5 Hypocrita - Again, actor. Ejice primum - cast out first. Priority.

6 Nolite dare sanctum canibus - Sanctum = holy thing, sacrificial meat. Dogs were unclean scavengers, not pets. Margaritas ante porcos - Pearls before pigs - pigs also unclean. Conversis dirumpant vos - turn and tear you - pigs can attack. Don't waste holy on hostile.

7 Petite, et dabitur... pulsate - Three imperatives, increasing intensity: ask, seek, knock - keep doing.

9-10 Numquid lapidem porriget ei? - Porriget = hand over, extend. Stone looks like bread loaf, snake like fish.

11 Cum sitis mali - "Though you are evil" - blunt. Even evil people give good gifts.

12 Omnia ergo quæcumque vultis... Hæc est enim lex, et prophetæ - The Golden Rule - sum of Old Testament.

13-14 Intrate per angustam portam - Narrow gate - angusta = tight, pressed. Lata porta et spatiosa via - wide and spacious - easy way. Quæ ducit ad perditionem - leads to destruction, ruin.

15 A falsis prophetis... in vestimentis ovium - Wolves in sheep clothes - looks harmless, inside ravenous lupi rapaces.

16 A fructibus eorum cognoscetis eos - By fruits you will know - ongoing recognition.

17-18 Non potest arbor bona malos fructus facere - Tree nature determines fruit, not effort.

21 Non omnis qui dicit mihi, Domine, Domine - Double Domine, Domine = emphatic calling, maybe chant. Not enough. Qui facit voluntatem Patris mei - Does will of Father.

22 In illa die - On that day = judgment day. Virtutes multas - mighty works, miracles.

23 Confitebor illis: Quia numquam novi vos - Confitebor = I will confess, declare openly. Novi = I have known, relationship. Qui operamini iniquitatem - you workers of lawlessness.

24 Assimilabitur viro sapienti - Will be likened to wise man - comparison. Supra petram = on rock - bedrock, not just stone.

25 Descendit pluvia, et venerunt flumina, et flaverunt venti - Threefold storm: rain down, rivers up, winds sideways - total attack. Irruperunt = rushed upon.

26 Viro stulto... super arenam - Fool on sand - shifting, no foundation. Beach sand looks solid until water comes.

28-29 Cum consummasset Jesus verba hæc, admirabantur turbæ - When Jesus finished these words - end of Sermon on Mount. Sicut potestatem habens - as having authority, not quoting other rabbis.

Matthew 8

1 When Jesus came down from the mountain, large crowds followed him.

2 A man with leprosy came and knelt before him and said, Lord, if you are willing, you can make me clean.

3 Jesus reached out his hand and touched him and said, I am willing, be clean. Immediately his leprosy was cleansed.

4 Then Jesus said to him, See that you don't tell anyone. But go, show yourself to the priest and offer the gift Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.

5 When Jesus had entered Capernaum, a centurion came to him, asking for help.

6 He said, Lord, my servant lies at home paralyzed, suffering terribly.

7 Jesus said to him, I will come and heal him.

8 The centurion replied, Lord, I don't deserve to have you come under my roof. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed.

9 For I myself am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. I tell this one, Go, and he goes; and that one, Come, and he comes. I say to my servant, Do this, and he does it.

10 When Jesus heard this, he was amazed and said to those following him, Truly I tell you, I have not found anyone in Israel with such great faith.

11 I say to you that many will come from the east and the west, and will take their places at the feast with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven.

12 But the subjects of the kingdom will be thrown outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

13 Then Jesus said to the centurion, Go! Let it be done just as you believed it would. And his servant was healed at that very hour.

14 When Jesus came into Peter's house, he saw Peter's mother-in-law lying in bed with a fever.

15 He touched her hand and the fever left her, and she got up and began to wait on him.

16 When evening came, many who were demon-possessed were brought to him, and he drove out the spirits with a word and healed all the sick.

17 This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah: He took up our infirmities and bore our diseases.

18 When Jesus saw the crowd around him, he gave orders to cross to the other side of the lake.

19 Then a teacher of the law came to him and said, Teacher, I will follow you wherever you go.

20 Jesus replied, Foxes have dens and birds have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head.

21 Another disciple said to him, Lord, first let me go and bury my father.

22 But Jesus told him, Follow me, and let the dead bury their own dead.

23 Then he got into the boat and his disciples followed him.

24 Suddenly a furious storm came up on the lake, so that the waves swept over the boat. But Jesus was sleeping.

25 The disciples went and woke him, saying, Lord, save us! We're going to drown!

26 He replied, You of little faith, why are you so afraid? Then he got up and rebuked the winds and the waves, and it was completely calm.

27 The men were amazed and asked, What kind of man is this? Even the winds and the waves obey him!

28 When he arrived at the other side in the region of the Gadarenes, two demon-possessed men coming from the tombs met him. They were so violent that no one could pass that way.

29 They shouted, What do you want with us, Son of God? Have you come here to torture us before the appointed time?

30 Some distance from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.

31 The demons begged Jesus, If you drive us out, send us into the herd of pigs.

32 He said to them, Go! So they came out and went into the pigs, and the whole herd rushed down the steep bank into the lake and died in the water.

33 Those tending the pigs ran off, went into the town and reported all this, including what had happened to the demon-possessed men.

34 Then the whole town went out to meet Jesus. And when they saw him, they pleaded with him to leave their region.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 8

1 Cum autem descendisset de monte - Coming down from Sermon on Mount - now miracles show his authority.

2 Ecce leprosus veniens, adorabat eum - Ecce = behold, surprise. Leper shouldn't approach anyone. Adorabat = was worshipping/bowing. Si vis, potes me mundare - "If you will, you can make me clean" - both physical and ritual.

3 Extendens Jesus manum, tetigit eum - Touching a leper made you unclean under law. Jesus reverses it - touch makes leper clean. Volo: mundare - "I will: be cleansed" - short, divine will.

4 Vide, nemini dixeris - Tell no one - Messianic secret. Ostende te sacerdoti... munus quod præcepit Moyses - Leviticus 14 required priest inspection and offering - needed to re-enter society.

5 Centurio - Roman officer over 100 soldiers, Gentile, occupier - surprising faith.

6 Puer meus jacet in domo paralyticus - Puer = boy/servant, maybe young slave. Male torquetur = badly tormented, twisted with pain.

8 Non sum dignus ut intres sub tectum meum - Not worthy to have you under my roof - Gentile knew Jews shouldn't enter Gentile house. Humble. Tantum dic verbo = just say with a word.

9 Homo sum sub potestate constitutus - I am a man placed under authority - centurion understands chain of command Jesus commands sickness like soldier.

10 Miratus est - Jesus marveled - rare, God amazed at faith. Non inveni tantam fidem in Israël - Not found such faith in Israel - praise of Gentile.

11-12 Multi ab oriente et occidente venient, et recumbent - Recumbent = recline at banquet table - heavenly feast with patriarchs. Filii autem regni ejicientur - Sons of kingdom thrown out - Jews who should be there but reject. Fletus et stridor dentium - Weeping and gnashing of teeth - Clementine's standard phrase for hell.

14 Vidit socrum ejus jacentem, et febricitantem - Peter had wife? Yes, mother-in-law shows it.

15 Tetigit manum ejus - Touched hand - gentle. Surrexit, et ministrabat eis - Rose and served - immediate complete healing.

17 Ipse infirmitates nostras accepit - From Isaiah 53:4 - Suffering Servant takes our infirmities.

19 Magister, sequar te, quocumque ieris - Scribe = teacher of law - wants to follow anywhere - enthusiastic but uncounted cost.

20 Vulpes foveas habent... Filius autem hominis non habet ubi caput reclinet - Foveas = holes/dens. Son of Man has nowhere to lay head - homelessness.

22 Dimitte mortuos sepelire mortuos suos - Let the dead bury their own dead - spiritually dead bury physically dead. Call to immediate discipleship over cultural duty.

24 Ecce motus magnus factus est in mari - Motus magnus = great shaking, earthquake-like storm. Navicula operiretur fluctibus - Boat was being covered by waves.

26 Quid timidi estis, modicæ fidei? - Why timid, O little faith? Imperavit ventis, et mari - He commanded winds and sea - divine power.

28 In regionem Gerasenorum - Gerasenes/Gadarenes - Gentile region, tombs unclean. De monumentis exeuntes, sævi nimis - Out of tombs, savage very much.

29 Quid nobis et tibi, Jesu fili Dei? - What do you have to do with us? Common Semitic phrase for leave us alone. Ante tempus = before appointed judgment time.

32 Ite... impetu abiit totus grex per præceps in mare - Stampede down steep cliff into sea. Pigs unclean animals in Jewish law.

34 Rogabant ut transiret a finibus eorum - Begged him to leave their borders - fear over financial loss more than amazement.

Matthew 9

1 So Jesus got into a boat, crossed over and came to his own town.

2 Some men brought to him a paralyzed man, lying on a mat. When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the man, Take courage, son; your sins are forgiven.

3 At this, some of the teachers of the law said to themselves, This fellow is blaspheming!

4 Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said, Why do you entertain evil thoughts in your hearts?

5 Which is easier: to say, Your sins are forgiven, or to say, Get up and walk?

6 But I want you to know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins. So he said to the paralyzed man, Get up, take your mat and go home.

7 Then the man got up and went home.

8 When the crowd saw this, they were afraid and praised God, who had given such authority to man.

9 As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collector's booth. Follow me, he told him, and Matthew got up and followed him.

10 While Jesus was having dinner at Matthew's house, many tax collectors and sinners came and ate with him and his disciples.

11 When the Pharisees saw this, they asked his disciples, Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?

12 On hearing this, Jesus said, It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick.

13 Go and learn what this means: I desire mercy, not sacrifice. For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners.

14 Then John's disciples came and asked him, How is it that we and the Pharisees fast often, but your disciples do not fast?

15 Jesus answered, How can the guests of the bridegroom mourn while he is with them? The time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.

16 No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, for the patch will pull away from the garment, making the tear worse.

17 Neither do people pour new wine into old wineskins. If they do, the skins will burst; the wine will run out and the wineskins will be ruined. No, they pour new wine into new wineskins, and both are preserved.

18 While he was saying this, a synagogue leader came and knelt before him and said, My daughter has just died. But come and put your hand on her and she will live.

19 Jesus got up and went with him, and so did his disciples.

20 Just then a woman who had been bleeding for twelve years came up behind him and touched the edge of his cloak.

21 She said to herself, If I only touch his cloak, I will be healed.

22 Jesus turned and saw her. Take heart, daughter, he said, your faith has healed you. And the woman was healed from that moment.

23 When Jesus entered the synagogue leader's house and saw the flute players and the noisy crowd,

24 he said, Go away. The girl is not dead but asleep. But they laughed at him.

25 After the crowd had been put outside, he went in and took the girl by the hand, and she got up.

26 News of this spread through all that region.

27 As Jesus went on from there, two blind men followed him, calling out, Have mercy on us, Son of David!

28 When he had gone indoors, the blind men came to him, and he asked them, Do you believe that I am able to do this? Yes, Lord, they replied.

29 Then he touched their eyes and said, According to your faith let it be done to you.

30 And their sight was restored. Jesus warned them sternly, See that no one knows about this.

31 But they went out and spread the news about him all over that region.

32 While they were going out, a man who was demon-possessed and could not talk was brought to Jesus.

33 And when the demon was driven out, the man who had been mute spoke. The crowd was amazed and said, Nothing like this has ever been seen in Israel.

34 But the Pharisees said, It is by the prince of demons that he drives out demons.

35 Jesus went through all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and healing every disease and sickness.

36 When he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd.

37 Then he said to his disciples, The harvest is plentiful but the workers are few.

38 Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 9

1 Et ascendens in naviculam, transfretavit - Transfretavit = crossed the strait/sea. Returns to Capernaum, civitatem suam = his own city after leaving Nazareth.

2 Offerebant ei paralyticum jacentem in lecto - Carried on bed/mat. Confide fili, remittuntur tibi peccata tua - Confide = take courage. Remittuntur = are forgiven, sent away. Present tense, already done.

3 Hic blasphemat - He blasphemes - claiming to do what only God can.

4 Ut quid cogitatis mala in cordibus vestris? - Why think evil in hearts? Shows divine knowledge.

5-6 Quid est facilius dicere - Which easier to SAY - forgiving invisible, healing visible proves authority to forgive. Filius hominis habet potestatem in terra - Son of Man has power on earth - Daniel 7 title.

8 Timuerunt, et glorificaverunt Deum - They feared and glorified God. Fear as awe.

9 Sedentem in telonio, Matthæum nomine - Sitting at tax office - telonio = custom booth. Tax collectors were traitors working for Rome. Matthew writes about himself humbly.

10 Discumbente eo in domo - Reclining at table - banquet, not quick meal. Publicani et peccatores = tax collectors and sinners - lowest class.

12 Non est opus valentibus medicus - Not need healthy have for doctor - valentibus = strong, healthy.

13 Misericordiam volo, et non sacrificium - From Hosea 6:6. God wants mercy over ritual.

14 Quare nos, et pharisæi, jejunamus frequenter - John's disciples fasting - ascetic lifestyle confused why Jesus' disciples feast.

15 Filii sponsi lugere - Sons of bridegroom mourn - wedding guests don't fast during wedding. Auferetur ab eis sponsus - When bridegroom taken away - first hint of death.

16 Commissuram panni rudis in vestimentum vetus - Patch of raw, unshrunk cloth on old garment - plenitudinem ejus = its fullness shrinks and tears worse.

17 Utres veteres - Old wineskins - leather becomes brittle, new wine still fermenting expands and bursts.

18 Princeps unus... filia mea modo defuncta est - Princeps = ruler of synagogue, Jairus in Mark. Modo defuncta = just now died - Mark says dying.

20 Quæ sanguinis fluxum patiebatur - Flow of blood 12 years - unclean, can't touch anyone, can't go to Temple. Fimbriam vestimenti - Fringe/tassel - Jews had tassels with blue thread on corners (Numbers 15).

22 Confide, filia, fides tua te salvam fecit - Faith saved/made well - same word for saved and healed.

23 Tibicines et turbam tumultuantem - Tibicines = flute players - hired mourners, professional wailers.

24 Non est enim mortua puella, sed dormit - Not dead but sleeping - sleep as euphemism, but also power over death. Deridebant eum = they laughed at him, mocked.

25 Cum ejecta esset turba - When crowd cast out - needs quiet, faith.

27 Fili David - Son of David - Messianic title, blind see who Pharisees don't.

30 Comminatus est illis Jesus - Sternly warned - comminatus = threatened, charged strongly. Messianic secret again.

31 Diffamaverunt eum - Diffamaverunt = spread his fame, made known widely - despite warning.

32 Hominem mutum, dæmonium habentem - Mute man having demon - demon caused muteness.

34 In principe dæmoniorum ejicit dæmones - In prince of demons - first accusation that becomes full blasphemy later.

36 Misertus est eis : quia erant vexati, et jacentes - Had compassion because harassed and lying down - vexati = vexed, troubled, skinned, mangled like sheep by wolves. Jacentes = thrown down, collapsed exhausted. Like sheep without shepherd - from Numbers 27:17, Ezekiel 34.

37-38 Messis multa, operarii autem pauci - Harvest much, workers few - then command to pray for workers - mission chapter next.

Matthew 10

1 He called his twelve disciples together and gave them authority to drive out evil spirits and to heal every disease and sickness.

2 These are the names of the twelve apostles: first, Simon who is called Peter and his brother Andrew; James son of Zebedee, and his brother John;

3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus;

4 Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.

5 These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions: Do not go among the Gentiles or enter any town of the Samaritans.

6 Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel.

7 As you go, preach this message: The kingdom of heaven is near.

8 Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse those who have leprosy, drive out demons. Freely you have received; freely give.

9 Do not take along any gold or silver or copper in your belts;

10 no bag for the journey, or extra shirt or sandals or a staff, for the worker is worth his keep.

11 Whatever town or village you enter, search there for some worthy person and stay at their house until you leave.

12 As you enter the home, give it your greeting.

13 If the home is deserving, let your peace rest on it; if it is not, let your peace return to you.

14 If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your words, leave that home or town and shake the dust off your feet.

15 Truly I tell you, it will be more bearable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town.

16 I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves.

17 Be on your guard; you will be handed over to the local councils and be flogged in the synagogues.

18 On my account you will be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles.

19 But when they arrest you, do not worry about what to say or how to say it. At that time you will be given what to say,

20 for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.

21 Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; children will rebel against their parents and have them put to death.

22 You will be hated by everyone because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved.

23 When you are persecuted in one place, flee to another. Truly I tell you, you will not finish going through the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.

24 The student is not above the teacher, nor a servant above his master.

25 It is enough for students to be like their teachers, and servants like their masters. If the head of the house has been called Beelzebul, how much more the members of his household!

26 So do not be afraid of them, for there is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, or hidden that will not be made known.

27 What I tell you in the dark, speak in the daylight; what is whispered in your ear, proclaim from the roofs.

28 Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.

29 Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground outside your Father's care.

30 And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered.

31 So don't be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.

32 Whoever acknowledges me before others, I will also acknowledge before my Father in heaven.

33 But whoever disowns me before others, I will disown before my Father in heaven.

34 Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword.

35 For I have come to turn a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.

36 A man's enemies will be the members of his own household.

37 Anyone who loves their father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; anyone who loves their son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.

38 Whoever does not take up their cross and follow me is not worthy of me.

39 Whoever finds their life will lose it, and whoever loses their life for my sake will find it.

40 Anyone who welcomes you welcomes me, and anyone who welcomes me welcomes the one who sent me.

41 Whoever welcomes a prophet as a prophet will receive a prophet's reward, and whoever welcomes a righteous person as a righteous person will receive a righteous person's reward.

42 And if anyone gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones who is my disciple, truly I tell you, that person will certainly not lose their reward.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 10

1 Convocatis duodecim discipulis suis, dedit illis potestatem - Potestatem = authority, power to act. Same authority Jesus has shown.

2-4 List of Twelve - Clementine: Primus, Simon, qui dicitur Petrus - Primus = first, Peter's primacy hint. Matthæus publicanus - Matthew labels himself publican (tax collector). Simon Chananæus = Zealot, political zealot. Judas Iscariotes, qui et tradidit eum - who also betrayed him - editorial note.

5 In viam gentium ne abieritis, et in civitates Samaritanorum ne intraveritis - Don't go way of Gentiles or enter Samaritan cities - limited mission to Israel first, not permanent.

6 Oves quæ perierunt domus Israël - Lost sheep - recalls 9:36.

8 Gratis accepistis, gratis date - Freely you received, freely give - principle of grace.

9-10 Nolite possidere aurum, neque argentum... non peram in via - No gold, silver, copper in belts - money belts. No bag, no two tunics, no sandals (Mark says sandals allowed - Clementine includes it), no staff. Radical dependence.

11 Interrogate, quis in ea dignus sit - Ask who is worthy - worthy = willing to receive, hospitable.

12 Salutate eam, dicentes: Pax huic domui - Peace to this house - Jewish greeting Shalom.

14 Excutite pulverem de pedibus vestris - Shake dust off feet - symbolic act of judgment, Jews did when leaving Gentile land.

16 Sicut oves in medio luporum - Sheep among wolves - vulnerable. Prudentes sicut serpentes, et simplices sicut columbæ - Shrewd as serpents, simple/innocent as doves - both needed.

17 Tradent enim vos in conciliis - Will hand you over to councils - Sanhedrin local councils.

19-20 Nolite cogitare quomodo, aut quid loquamini - Don't worry how/what to speak - Spiritus Patris vestri, qui loquitur in vobis - Spirit speaks in you.

22 Eritis odio omnibus propter nomen meum - Hated by all for my name - early Christian experience. Qui perseveraverit usque in finem, hic salvus erit - Perseverance saves.

23 Non consummabitis civitates Israël, donec veniat Filius hominis - Won't finish cities before Son of Man comes - debated verse, refers to mission or Second Coming.

25 Si patremfamilias Beelzebub vocaverunt - Beelzebub = lord of flies/dung, Philistine god, name for Satan. If they call head of house that, what about household.

28 Qui potest et animam et corpus perdere in gehennam - Fear Him who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna - God, not man.

29 Duo passeres asse veneunt? - Two sparrows for one as - smallest Roman coin. Sine Patre vestro - Not one falls without Father - providence.

30 Capilli capitis omnes numerati sunt - All hairs numbered - intimate care.

32-33 Confitebitur me coram hominibus... negaverit me - Confess/deny before men - public acknowledgment matters.

34 Non veni pacem mittere, sed gladium - Not peace but sword - division caused by Gospel, not violence by Jesus.

37 Non est me dignus - Not worthy of me - loyalty over family.

38 Qui non accipit crucem suam - Take up cross - criminals carried crossbeam to execution - shocking image before crucifixion known.

39 Qui invenit animam suam, perdet illam - Find/lose life - anima = life/soul. Paradox.

42 Calicem aquæ frigidæ tantum in nomine discipuli - Cup of cold water only in name of disciple - smallest act of kindness rewarded.

Matthew 11

1 When Jesus had finished instructing his twelve disciples, he went on from there to teach and preach in the towns of Galilee.

2 When John, who was in prison, heard about the deeds of the Messiah, he sent his disciples

3 to ask him, Are you the one who is to come, or should we expect someone else?

4 Jesus replied, Go back and report to John what you hear and see:

5 The blind receive sight, the lame walk, those who have leprosy are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the good news is proclaimed to the poor.

6 Blessed is anyone who does not stumble on account of me.

7 As John's disciples were leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowd about John: What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swayed by the wind?

8 If not, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? No, those who wear fine clothes are in kings' palaces.

9 Then what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet.

10 This is the one about whom it is written: I will send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way before you.

11 Truly I tell you, among those born of women there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist; yet whoever is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.

12 From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven has been subjected to violence, and violent people have been raiding it.

13 For all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John.

14 And if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come.

15 Whoever has ears, let them hear.

16 To what can I compare this generation? They are like children sitting in the marketplaces and calling out to others:

17 We played the pipe for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not mourn.

18 For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, He has a demon.

19 The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, Here is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners. But wisdom is proved right by her deeds.

20 Then Jesus began to denounce the towns in which most of his miracles had been performed, because they did not repent.

21 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.

22 But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you.

23 And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted to the heavens? No, you will go down to Hades. For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Sodom, it would have remained to this day.

24 But I tell you that it will be more bearable for Sodom on the day of judgment than for you.

25 At that time Jesus said, I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and learned, and revealed them to little children.

26 Yes, Father, for this is what you were pleased to do.

27 All things have been committed to me by my Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.

28 Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.

29 Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls.

30 For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 11

1 Cum consummasset Jesus, præcipiens duodecim - When Jesus finished instructing twelve - end of mission discourse.

2 Joannes autem cum audisset in vinculis opera Christi - John in chains (Herod's prison) hears works of Christ.

3 Tu es, qui venturus es, an alium exspectamus? - "Are you the Coming One?" - title for Messiah.

5 Cæci vident, claudi ambulant... pauperes evangelizantur - List from Isaiah 35:5-6 and 61:1 - Messianic credentials. Note pauperes evangelizantur = poor are evangelized - good news preached.

6 Beatus est, qui non fuerit scandalizatus in me - Blessed who not scandalized/stumbled in me - not offended that Messiah doesn't fit expectation.

7 Arundinem vento agitatam? - Reed shaken by wind - John was not weak wavering reed.

8 Mollibus vestitum? - Soft clothes - John wore camel hair, not soft palace clothes.

10 Angelum meum ante faciem tuam - Quote Malachi 3:1 - Angelum = messenger, angel - John is messenger.

11 Non surrexit inter natos mulierum major - None greater among born of women - highest praise for John, yet qui autem minor est in regno cælorum, major est illo - least in kingdom greater - New Covenant greater than Old.

12 Regnum cælorum vim patitur, et violenti rapiunt illud - Kingdom suffers violence, violent seize it - debated: could mean forceful people entering eagerly, or violent opponents attacking. Clementine Latin vim patitur = suffers force.

14 Ipse est Elias, qui venturus est - He is Elijah to come - Malachi 4:5 predicted Elijah before Messiah.

16-17 Pueris sedentibus in foro... Cecinimus vobis, et non saltastis - Children in marketplace playing wedding (flute/dance) and funeral (lament/mourn) - generation complains whatever tune played. John played funeral, Jesus wedding, both rejected.

19 Ecce homo vorax, et potator vini - Glutton and wine drinker - accusation. Justificata est sapientia a filiis suis - Wisdom justified by her children - true wisdom shown right by results.

20 Cœpit exprobrare civitatibus - Began to reproach cities - where most miracles done - Chorazin, Bethsaida, Capernaum - near his base, most blessed, most guilty.

21 In cilicio et cinere - Sackcloth and ashes - sign of repentance.

23 Numquid usque in cælum exaltaberis? Usque in infernum descendes - Exalted to heaven? Down to hell (Hades) - Capernaum pride. Infernum = underworld.

25 Confiteor tibi, Pater - I confess/praise you, Father - thanksgiving. Abscondisti hæc a sapientibus, et prudentibus, et revelasti ea parvulis - Hidden from wise and prudent, revealed to little ones - parvulis = infants, small children.

27 Omnia mihi tradita sunt a Patre meo - All handed over to me - divine authority. Nemo novit Filium, nisi Pater - mutual exclusive knowledge - high Christology.

28 Venite ad me omnes qui laboratis, et onerati estis - Famous invitation - laboratis = labor, toil. Onerati = loaded, burdened. Reficiam vos = I will refresh, give rest, revive.

29-30 Tollite jugum meum super vos... mitis sum, et humilis corde - Yoke = rabbis' teaching, submission. Jesus' yoke suave est = sweet, pleasant, easy. Onus meum leve = burden light. Contrasts with Pharisees' heavy yoke.

Matthew 12

1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pick some heads of grain and eat them.

2 When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, Look! Your disciples are doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath.

3 He answered, Haven't you read what David did when he and his companions were hungry?

4 He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread, which was not lawful for them to do, but only for the priests.

5 Or haven't you read in the Law that the priests on Sabbath duty in the temple desecrate the Sabbath and yet are innocent?

6 I tell you that something greater than the temple is here.

7 If you had known what these words mean, I desire mercy, not sacrifice, you would not have condemned the innocent.

8 For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.

9 Going on from that place, he went into their synagogue,

10 and a man with a shriveled hand was there. Looking for a reason to bring charges against Jesus, they asked him, Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?

11 He said to them, If any of you has a sheep and it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will you not take hold of it and lift it out?

12 How much more valuable is a person than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.

13 Then he said to the man, Stretch out your hand. So he stretched it out and it was completely restored, just as sound as the other.

14 But the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Jesus.

15 Aware of this, Jesus withdrew from that place. A large crowd followed him, and he healed all who were ill.

16 He warned them not to tell others about him.

17 This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah:

18 Here is my servant whom I have chosen, the one I love, in whom I delight; I will put my Spirit on him, and he will proclaim justice to the nations.

19 He will not quarrel or cry out; no one will hear his voice in the streets.

20 A bruised reed he will not break, and a smoldering wick he will not snuff out, till he has brought justice through to victory.

21 In his name the nations will put their hope.

22 Then they brought him a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute, and Jesus healed him, so that he could both talk and see.

23 All the people were astonished and said, Could this be the Son of David?

24 But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, It is only by Beelzebul, the prince of demons, that this fellow drives out demons.

25 Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, Every kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand.

26 If Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then can his kingdom stand?

27 And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your people drive them out? So then, they will be your judges.

28 But if it is by the Spirit of God that I drive out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.

29 Or again, how can anyone enter a strong man's house and carry off his possessions unless he first ties up the strong man? Then he can plunder his house.

30 Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters.

31 And so I tell you, every kind of sin and slander can be forgiven, but blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven.

32 Anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but anyone who speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come.

33 Make a tree good and its fruit will be good, or make a tree bad and its fruit will be bad, for a tree is recognized by its fruit.

34 You brood of vipers, how can you who are evil say anything good? For the mouth speaks what the heart is full of.

35 A good man brings good things out of the good stored up in him, and an evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in him.

36 But I tell you that everyone will have to give account on the day of judgment for every empty word they have spoken.

37 For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.

38 Then some of the Pharisees and teachers of the law said to him, Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.

39 He answered, A wicked and adulterous generation asks for a sign! But none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.

40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.

41 The men of Nineveh will stand up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now something greater than Jonah is here.

42 The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to listen to Solomon's wisdom, and now something greater than Solomon is here.

43 When an impure spirit comes out of a person, it goes through arid places, seeking rest and does not find it.

44 Then it says, I will return to the house I left. When it arrives, it finds the house unoccupied, swept clean and put in order.

45 Then it goes and takes with it seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and live there. And the final condition of that person is worse than the first. That is how it will be with this wicked generation.

46 While Jesus was still talking to the crowd, his mother and brothers stood outside, wanting to speak to him.

47 Someone told him, Your mother and brothers are standing outside, wanting to speak to you.

48 He replied to him, Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?

49 Pointing to his disciples, he said, Here are my mother and my brothers.

50 For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 12

1 Per sata sabbato - Through sown fields, ripe grain. Sabbath.

3-4 Panes propositionis - Bread of Presence, showbread, 12 loaves in Temple, only priests could eat (1 Sam 21).

5 Sabbatis sacerdotes in templo sabbatum violant, et sine crimine sunt - Priests work on Sabbath offering sacrifices and are guiltless.

6 Templo major est hic - Greater than Temple is here - hic masculine, Jesus himself greater than Temple.

7 Misericordiam volo - Again Hosea 6:6.

8 Dominus enim est Filius hominis etiam sabbati - Lord even of Sabbath - claims divine authority over Sabbath law.

10 Manum habens aridam - Withered, dried hand.

12 Quanto magis melior est homo ove? - How much better is man than sheep? Argument from lesser to greater.

14 Consilium faciebant... quomodo perderent eum - First plot to destroy him - turning point.

18-21 Servant song from Isaiah 42:1-4 - Clementine: Ecce puer meus... Ponam spiritum meum super eum - gentle Messiah, not shouting in streets, won't break bruised reed (arundinem quassatam) or quench smoking flax (linum fumigans) - tender care.

24 In Beelzebub principe dæmoniorum - Beelzebub = lord of flies/dung heap.

25-26 Omne regnum divisum contra se desolabitur - Divided kingdom desolated - logical argument.

28 Si autem ego in Spiritu Dei... pervenit in vos regnum Dei - If by Spirit of God, then kingdom has arrived.

29 In domum fortis... nisi prius alligaverit fortem - Strong man's house = Satan's domain, must bind strong man to plunder.

31-32 Blasphemia Spiritus non remittetur - Blasphemy of Spirit not forgiven - attributing clear work of Holy Spirit to Satan, hardened final rejection. Neque in hoc sæculo, neque in futuro - Not in this age nor future - shows Jewish belief in ages.

33 Ex fructu arbor agnoscitur - Tree known by fruit.

34 Ex abundantia enim cordis os loquitur - Out of abundance of heart mouth speaks - famous proverb.

36 Omne verbum otiosum - Every idle, empty word - otiosum = lazy, useless, careless - accountable.

39 Generatio mala et adultera signum quærit - Evil and adulterous generation seeks sign - adultery = unfaithful to God.

40 Sicut fuit Jonas in ventre ceti tribus diebus - Like Jonah in belly of whale - Clementine says ceti = sea monster/whale. In corde terræ = in heart of earth - tomb.

41 Viri Ninivitæ surgent in judicio - Men of Nineveh will rise in judgment - Gentiles who repented will condemn unrepentant Jews.

42 Regina austri - Queen of South = Queen of Sheba.

43-45 Cum autem immundus spiritus exierit... Revertar in domum meam - Unclean spirit returns to house (person) finds it empty, swept, decorated - moral reformation without Christ leaves empty, worse possession.

46-50 Mater ejus et fratres stabant foris - Mother and brothers outside - Quæ est mater mea? Not rejection but redefinition: family is those who do will of Father - new spiritual family.

Matthew 13

1 That same day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the lake.

2 Such large crowds gathered around him that he got into a boat and sat in it, while all the people stood on the shore.

3 Then he told them many things in parables, saying: A farmer went out to sow his seed.

4 As he was scattering the seed, some fell along the path, and the birds came and ate it up.

5 Some fell on rocky places, where it did not have much soil. It sprang up quickly, because the soil was shallow.

6 But when the sun came up, the plants were scorched, and they withered because they had no root.

7 Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the plants.

8 Still other seed fell on good soil, where it produced a crop, a hundred, sixty or thirty times what was sown.

9 Whoever has ears, let them hear.

10 The disciples came to him and asked, Why do you speak to the people in parables?

11 He replied, Because the knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them.

12 Whoever has will be given more, and they will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what they have will be taken from them.

13 This is why I speak to them in parables: Though seeing, they do not see; though hearing, they do not hear or understand.

14 In them is fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah: You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving.

15 For this people's heart has become calloused; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts and turn, and I would heal them.

16 But blessed are your eyes because they see, and your ears because they hear.

17 For truly I tell you, many prophets and righteous people longed to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it.

18 Listen then to what the parable of the sower means:

19 When anyone hears the message about the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in their heart. This is the seed sown along the path.

20 The seed falling on rocky ground refers to someone who hears the word and at once receives it with joy.

21 But since they have no root, they last only a short time. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, they quickly fall away.

22 The seed falling among the thorns refers to someone who hears the word, but the worries of this life and the deceitfulness of wealth choke the word, making it unfruitful.

23 But the seed falling on good soil refers to someone who hears the word and understands it. This is the one who produces a crop, yielding a hundred, sixty or thirty times what was sown.

24 Jesus told them another parable: The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field.

25 But while everyone was sleeping, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and went away.

26 When the wheat sprouted and formed heads, then the weeds also appeared.

27 The owner's servants came to him and said, Sir, didn't you sow good seed in your field? Where then did the weeds come from?

28 An enemy did this, he replied. The servants asked him, Do you want us to go and pull them up?

29 No, he answered, because while you are pulling the weeds, you may uproot the wheat with them.

30 Let both grow together until the harvest. At that time I will tell the harvesters: First collect the weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat and bring it into my barn.

31 He told them another parable: The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed, which a man took and planted in his field.

32 Though it is the smallest of all seeds, yet when it grows, it is the largest of garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds come and perch in its branches.

33 He told them still another parable: The kingdom of heaven is like yeast that a woman took and mixed into about sixty pounds of flour until it worked all through the dough.

34 Jesus spoke all these things to the crowd in parables; he did not say anything to them without using a parable.

35 So was fulfilled what was spoken through the prophet: I will open my mouth in parables, I will utter things hidden since the creation of the world.

36 Then he left the crowd and went into the house. His disciples came to him and said, Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field.

37 He answered, The one who sowed the good seed is the Son of Man.

38 The field is the world, and the good seed stands for the people of the kingdom. The weeds are the people of the evil one,

39 and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.

40 As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the age.

41 The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil.

42 They will throw them into the blazing furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

43 Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Whoever has ears, let them hear.

44 The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and then in his joy went and sold all he had and bought that field.

45 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for fine pearls.

46 When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything he had and bought it.

47 Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was let down into the lake and caught all kinds of fish.

48 When it was full, the fishermen pulled it up on the shore. Then they sat down and collected the good fish in baskets, but threw the bad away.

49 This is how it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous

50 and throw them into the blazing furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

51 Have you understood all these things? Jesus asked. Yes, they replied.

52 He said to them, Therefore every teacher of the law who has become a disciple in the kingdom of heaven is like the owner of a house who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.

53 When Jesus had finished these parables, he moved on from there.

54 Coming to his hometown, he began teaching the people in their synagogue, and they were amazed. Where did this man get this wisdom and these miraculous powers? they asked.

55 Isn't this the carpenter's son? Isn't his mother's name Mary, and aren't his brothers James, Joseph, Simon and Judas?

56 Aren't all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things?

57 And they took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, A prophet is not without honor except in his own town and in his own home.

58 And he did not do many miracles there because of their lack of faith.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 13

1-2 Exiens Jesus de domo, sedebat secus mare... naviculam ascendens sederet - House by sea (Capernaum), boat as pulpit.

3 Ecce exiit qui seminat, seminare - "Behold went out the sower to sow" - Ecce draws attention.

4 Secus viam... volucres cæli - Along path, hard ground, birds eat.

8 Aliud centesimum, aliud sexagesimum, aliud trigesimum - Hundred, sixty, thirty fold - huge yields (normal 7-10 fold).

10-11 Why parables? - Vobis datum est nosse mysteria regni cælorum - To you given to know mysteries - revelation for disciples, concealment for others - fulfillment of Isaiah.

12 Qui enim habet, dabitur ei - Who has, more given - spiritual principle.

15 Incrassatum est enim cor populi hujus - Heart grown fat, thick - Isaiah 6:9-10. Calloused, closed eyes.

19 Venit malus, et rapit - Evil one comes and snatches.

21 Temporalis... continuo scandalizatur - Temporary, immediately stumbles/scandalized.

22 Sollicitudo sæculi istius, et fallacia divitiarum - Anxiety of this age and deceit of riches choke word.

24 Simile factum est regnum cælorum - Kingdom has become like - has become like this situation.

25 Superseminavit zizania - Superseminavit = sowed over, on top. Zizania = darnel, weed that looks like wheat when young, poisonous.

30 Colligite primum zizania, et alligate ea in fasciculos ad comburendum - Collect weeds first, bind in bundles to burn - final separation at harvest, not now.

31 Grano sinapis... minimum quidem est omnibus seminibus - Mustard seed smallest but becomes tree - hyperbole, small beginning large result.

33 Fermento... in farinæ satis tribus - Yeast hidden in three measures of flour (∼60 lbs) - leaven usually negative, here positive hidden influence.

35 Aperiam in parabolis os meum; eructabo abscondita - I will open mouth in parables, belch out hidden things - Psalm 77:2, eructabo = pour forth, gush.

38 Filii nequam - Sons of evil one - people belonging to evil.

41 Omnia scandala - All scandals, stumbling blocks, causes of sin.

42 Caminum ignis... fletus et stridor dentium - Furnace of fire, weeping and gnashing.

44 Thesauro abscondito in agro - Treasure hidden in field - man hides it again, sells all to buy field - joy.

45 Homine negotiatori, quærenti bonas margaritas - Merchant seeking fine pearls - pearls very valuable in ancient world.

47 Sagenæ missæ in mare - Sagena = dragnet, large net catching all kinds.

52 Omnis scriba doctus in regno cælorum - Every scribe taught in kingdom - disciple who is teacher brings out nova et vetera - new and old - old testament and new teaching.

55 Nonne hic est fabri filius? - Isn't this craftsman's son? - faber = craftsman, carpenter. Fratres ejus, Jacobus, et Joseph... - brothers - cousins or close kin per Catholic interpretation, but Clementine says brothers.

57 Non est propheta sine honore, nisi in patria sua - No prophet without honor except in hometown.

58 Propter incredulitatem illorum - Because of unbelief - faith needed for miracles.

Matthew 14

1 At that time Herod the tetrarch heard the reports about Jesus,

2 and he said to his attendants, This is John the Baptist; he has risen from the dead! That is why miraculous powers are at work in him.

3 Now Herod had arrested John and bound him and put him in prison because of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife,

4 for John had been saying to him: It is not lawful for you to have her.

5 Herod wanted to kill John, but he was afraid of the people, because they considered John a prophet.

6 On Herod's birthday the daughter of Herodias danced for the guests and pleased Herod so much

7 that he promised with an oath to give her whatever she asked.

8 Prompted by her mother, she said, Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptist.

9 The king was distressed, but because of his oaths and his dinner guests, he ordered that her request be granted

10 and had John beheaded in the prison.

11 His head was brought in on a platter and given to the girl, who carried it to her mother.

12 John's disciples came and took his body and buried it. Then they went and told Jesus.

13 When Jesus heard what had happened, he withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place. Hearing of this, the crowds followed him on foot from the towns.

14 When Jesus landed and saw a large crowd, he had compassion on them and healed their sick.

15 As evening approached, the disciples came to him and said, This is a remote place, and it's already getting late. Send the crowds away, so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food.

16 Jesus replied, They do not need to go away. You give them something to eat.

17 We have here only five loaves of bread and two fish, they answered.

18 Bring them here to me, he said.

19 And he directed the people to sit down on the grass. Taking the five loaves and the two fish and looking up to heaven, he gave thanks and broke the loaves. Then he gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the people.

20 They all ate and were satisfied, and the disciples picked up twelve basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over.

21 The number of those who ate was about five thousand men, besides women and children.

22 Immediately Jesus made the disciples get into the boat and go on ahead of him to the other side, while he dismissed the crowd.

23 After he had dismissed them, he went up on a mountainside by himself to pray. Later that night, he was there alone,

24 and the boat was already a considerable distance from land, buffeted by the waves because the wind was against it.

25 Shortly before dawn Jesus went out to them, walking on the lake.

26 When the disciples saw him walking on the lake, they were terrified. It's a ghost, they said, and cried out in fear.

27 But Jesus immediately said to them: Take courage! It is I. Don't be afraid.

28 Lord, if it's you, Peter replied, tell me to come to you on the water.

29 Come, he said. Then Peter got down out of the boat, walked on the water and came toward Jesus.

30 But when he saw the wind, he was afraid and, beginning to sink, cried out, Lord, save me!

31 Immediately Jesus reached out his hand and caught him. You of little faith, he said, why did you doubt?

32 And when they climbed into the boat, the wind died down.

33 Then those who were in the boat worshiped him, saying, Truly you are the Son of God.

34 When they had crossed over, they landed at Gennesaret.

35 And when the men of that place recognized Jesus, they sent word to all the surrounding country. People brought all their sick to him

36 and begged him to let the sick just touch the edge of his cloak, and all who touched it were healed.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 14

1 In illo tempore audivit Herodes tetrarcha famam Jesu - Tetrarch = ruler of fourth of kingdom, son of Herod the Great.

2 Hic est Joannes Baptista : ipse surrexit a mortuis - Herod's guilty conscience thinks John risen.

3 Herodes enim tenuit Joannem, et alligavit eum - Tenuit = seized, held. Alligavit = bound.

4 Non licet tibi habere eam - Not lawful to have her - Leviticus forbids marrying brother's wife while brother alive. John as prophet confronts king.

6 Die natalis Herodis saltavit filia Herodiadis in medio - Birthday dance in middle - Salome (name from Josephus) dancing erotic dance for guests.

8 Da mihi hic in disco caput Joannis Baptistæ - Give me here on platter head - disco = platter, large dish.

9 Contristatus est rex : propter juramentum autem - King saddened but because of oath and guests - peer pressure.

10 Decollavit Joannem in carcere - Beheaded in prison - short, brutal.

13 Secessit inde in navicula, in locum desertum seorsum - Withdrew to desert place privately - seeking solitude after John's death.

15 Desertus est locus, et hora jam præteriit - Desert place and hour already passed - late.

16 Non habent necesse ire : date illis vos manducare - They have no need to go: you give them to eat - command.

19 Super fœnum... aspiciens in cælum benedixit, et fregit - On grass, looking to heaven blessed and broke - like Last Supper actions.

20 Duodecim cophinos fragmentorum plenos - Twelve baskets full - cophinos = large baskets, one per apostle.

22 Statim compulit Jesus discipulos ascendere in naviculam - Immediately compelled disciples to board - compulit = forced, urged.

23 Ascendit in montem solus orare - Went up mountain alone to pray - after feeding, withdraws.

24 Navicula autem in medio mari jactabatur fluctibus - Boat tossed in middle of sea - jactabatur = thrown, tossed.

25 Quarta vigilia noctis - Fourth watch of night - 3-6 AM Roman time, darkest.

26 Phantasma est - It's a phantom/ghost - superstitious fear.

27 Habete fiduciam : ego sum, nolite timere - Have confidence: I am - ego sum = divine name from Exodus.

28 Jube me ad te venire super aquas - Command me to come to you on waters - Peter's bold request.

30 Videns vero ventum validum, timuit : et cum cœpisset mergi - Seeing strong wind feared, began to sink - faith fails when looking at wind.

31 Modicæ fidei, quare dubitasti? - Little faith, why doubt? - dubitasti = double-minded, wavered.

33 Vere Filius Dei es - Truly Son of God - first time disciples worship with this title in Matthew.

36 Ut vel fimbriam vestimenti ejus tangerent - Touch even fringe of garment - same as bleeding woman - fringe = tassel with blue thread.

Matthew 15

1 Then some Pharisees and teachers of the law came to Jesus from Jerusalem and asked,

2 Why do your disciples break the tradition of the elders? They don't wash their hands before they eat!

3 Jesus replied, And why do you break the command of God for the sake of your tradition?

4 For God said, Honor your father and mother and Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.

5 But you say that if anyone declares that what might have been used to help their father or mother is a gift devoted to God,

6 they are not to honor their father or mother with it. Thus you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition.

7 You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you:

8 These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me.

9 They worship me in vain; their teachings are merely human rules.

10 Jesus called the crowd to him and said, Listen and understand.

11 What goes into someone's mouth does not defile them, but what comes out of their mouth, that is what defiles them.

12 Then the disciples came to him and asked, Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this?

13 He replied, Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted will be pulled up by the roots.

14 Leave them; they are blind guides. If the blind lead the blind, both will fall into a pit.

15 Peter said, Explain the parable to us.

16 Are you still so dull? Jesus asked them.

17 Don't you see that whatever enters the mouth goes into the stomach and then out of the body?

18 But the things that come out of a person's mouth come from the heart, and these defile them.

19 For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander.

20 These are what defile a person; but eating with unwashed hands does not defile them.

21 Leaving that place, Jesus withdrew to the region of Tyre and Sidon.

22 A Canaanite woman from that vicinity came to him, crying out, Lord, Son of David, have mercy on me! My daughter is demon-possessed and suffering terribly.

23 Jesus did not answer a word. So his disciples came to him and urged him, Send her away, for she keeps crying out after us.

24 He answered, I was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel.

25 The woman came and knelt before him. Lord, help me! she said.

26 He replied, It is not right to take the children's bread and toss it to the dogs.

27 Yes it is, Lord, she said. Even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their master's table.

28 Then Jesus said to her, Woman, you have great faith! Your request is granted. And her daughter was healed at that moment.

29 Jesus left there and went along the Sea of Galilee. Then he went up on a mountainside and sat down.

30 Great crowds came to him, bringing the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute and many others, and laid them at his feet; and he healed them.

31 The people were amazed when they saw the mute speaking, the crippled made whole, the lame walking and the blind seeing. And they praised the God of Israel.

32 Jesus called his disciples to him and said, I have compassion for these people; they have already been with me three days and have nothing to eat. I do not want to send them away hungry, or they may collapse on the way.

33 His disciples answered, Where could we get enough bread in this remote place to feed such a crowd?

34 How many loaves do you have? Jesus asked. Seven, they replied, and a few small fish.

35 He told the crowd to sit down on the ground.

36 Then he took the seven loaves and the fish, and when he had given thanks, he broke them and gave them to the disciples, and they in turn to the people.

37 They all ate and were satisfied. Afterward the disciples picked up seven basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over.

38 The number of those who ate was four thousand men, besides women and children.

39 After Jesus had sent the crowd away, he got into the boat and went to the vicinity of Magadan.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 15

1 Tunc accesserunt ad eum ab Jerosolymis scribæ et pharisæi - From Jerusalem - delegation of experts comes to investigate.

2 Traditionem seniorum - Tradition of elders - not Moses' law but added oral laws. Non lavant manus - Not washing hands - ritual washing before eating, not hygiene.

3 Quare et vos transgredimini mandatum Dei propter traditionem vestram? - Why do you break command for tradition? - Turns accusation.

4-6 Munus, quodcumque est ex me, tibi proderit - Gift whatever from me will profit you - Corban: declaring property as gift to God to avoid supporting parents, nullifying 5th commandment. Irritum fecistis mandatum Dei - Made void command of God.

8 Populus hic labiis me honorat : cor autem eorum longe est a me - People honor with lips, heart far - Isaiah 29:13.

11 Non quod intrat in os, coinquinat hominem - What enters mouth does not defile - coinquinat = pollutes, makes unclean - revolutionary for Jewish purity.

13 Omnis plantatio, quam non plantavit Pater meus cælestis, eradicabitur - Every plant not planted by Father uprooted - Pharisees' teaching not from God.

14 Cæci sunt, et duces cæcorum - Blind and leaders of blind - both fall into pit.

17 In ventrem vadit, et in secessum emittitur - Goes into belly and out into sewer/latrine - secessum = private place, latrine.

19 De corde exeunt cogitationes malæ - From heart come evil thoughts - list of 7 sins: homicides, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witnesses, blasphemies.

21 Secessit in partes Tyri et Sidonis - Withdrew to Tyre and Sidon - Gentile territory north, pagan area.

22 Mulier chananæa a finibus illis - Canaanite woman - ancient enemy, Gentile. Miserere mei, Domine fili David - Have mercy, Son of David - she uses Jewish title.

23 Non respondit ei verbum - He answered not a word - silence tests faith.

24 Non sum missus nisi ad oves, quæ perierunt domus Israël - Sent only to lost sheep of Israel - mission priority: Israel first.

25 Adoravit eum - Worshipped/bowed.

26 Non est bonum sumere panem filiorum, et mittere canibus - Not good to take children's bread and throw to dogs - panem filiorum = bread for children (Israel), canibus = dogs - Jews called Gentiles dogs, but Jesus uses diminutive canibus = little dogs, house pets, softening.

27 Etiam Domine : nam et catelli edunt de micis - Yes Lord, even little dogs eat crumbs - catelli = puppies, little dogs - she accepts place and argues from it - great humility and wit.

28 O mulier, magna est fides tua - O woman great is your faith - exclamation.

32 Misereor turbæ, quia triduo jam perseverant mecum - I have compassion, three days they continue with me - second feeding miracle.

34 Septem, et paucos pisciculos - Seven loaves and few little fish - diminutive pisciculos.

37 Septem sportas plenas - Seven baskets full - sportas = large baskets, different from cophinos in chapter 14.

39 In fines Magedan - Magadan/Magdala - west side of lake.

Matthew 16

1 The Pharisees and Sadducees came to Jesus and tested him by asking him to show them a sign from heaven.

2 He replied, When evening comes, you say, It will be fair weather, for the sky is red,

3 and in the morning, Today it will be stormy, for the sky is red and overcast. You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the signs of the times.

4 A wicked and adulterous generation looks for a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of Jonah. Jesus then left them and went away.

5 When they went across the lake, the disciples forgot to take bread.

6 Be careful, Jesus said to them. Be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

7 They discussed this among themselves and said, It is because we didn't bring any bread.

8 Aware of their discussion, Jesus said, You of little faith, why are you talking among yourselves about having no bread?

9 Do you still not understand? Don't you remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many basketfuls you gathered?

10 Or the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many basketfuls you gathered?

11 How is it you don't understand that I was not talking to you about bread? But be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

12 Then they understood that he was not telling them to guard against the yeast used in bread, but against the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

13 When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, Who do people say the Son of Man is?

14 They replied, Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.

15 But what about you? he asked. Who do you say I am?

16 Simon Peter answered, You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.

17 Jesus replied, Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven.

18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.

19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.

20 Then he ordered his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah.

21 From that time on Jesus began to explain to his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, the chief priests and the teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.

22 Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him. Never, Lord! he said. This shall never happen to you!

23 Jesus turned and said to Peter, Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; you do not have in mind the concerns of God, but merely human concerns.

24 Then Jesus said to his disciples, Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me.

25 For whoever wants to save their life will lose it, but whoever loses their life for me will find it.

26 What good will it be for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit their soul? Or what can anyone give in exchange for their soul?

27 For the Son of Man is going to come in his Father's glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what they have done.

28 Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 16

1 Pharisæi et sadducæi tentantes - Pharisees and Sadducees together - unusual, they were enemies - united to test Jesus. Signum de cælo - sign from heaven - dramatic proof.

2-3 Facto vespere dicitis: Serenum erit, rubicundum est enim cælum - Evening you say fair weather, sky red. Faciem cæli dijudicare nostis - You know how to judge face of sky - weather sayings.

4 Generatio mala et adultera signum quærit - Evil and adulterous generation seeks sign - adultera = unfaithful to God.

5 Obliti sunt panes accipere - Forgot to take breads - forgetful disciples.

6 Intuemini, et cavete a fermento - Look and beware of yeast - fermento = leaven, hidden corrupting influence, teaching.

9-10 Quinque panum in quinque millia... quot cophinos... septem panum... quot sportas - Five loaves for five thousand, how many cophinos (large baskets) - seven loaves for four thousand, how many sportas (baskets) - distinction Clementine keeps between two feeding miracles.

12 A doctrina pharisæorum et sadducæorum - Doctrine of Pharisees and Sadducees - yeast = teaching.

13 Venit autem Jesus in partes Cæsareæ Philippi - Caesarea Philippi - far north, Gentile area, near Mount Hermon, pagan gods worshipped there - significant place to ask identity.

14 Alii Joannem Baptistam, alii autem Eliam, alii vero Jeremiam - John, Elijah, Jeremiah - popular ideas of returning prophet.

16 Tu es Christus, Filius Dei vivi - You are Christ, Son of living God - Peter's confession - Christus = Messiah, Anointed.

17 Beatus es Simon Bar Jona - Blessed are you Simon son of Jonah - Bar Jona = son of Jonah. Caro et sanguis non revelavit tibi - Flesh and blood did not reveal - not human source, but Father.

18 Tu es Petrus, et super hanc petram ædificabo Ecclesiam meam - You are Peter (Petrus, rock man) and on this rock (petram) I will build my Church - wordplay - petros/petra in Greek, petrus/petra in Latin - foundation of Catholic Church. Et portæ inferi non prævalebunt adversus eam - Gates of hell (inferi = underworld, Hades) will not prevail.

19 Tibi dabo claves regni cælorum... quodcumque ligaveris... solveris - I will give you keys of kingdom, whatever you bind/loose on earth bound/loosed in heaven - rabbinic terms for forbidding/allowing, authority to govern Church.

20 Ne nemini dicerent quia ipse esset Jesus Christus - Tell no one that he is Jesus Christ - Messianic secret, timing.

21 Exinde cœpit Jesus ostendere... quia oporteret eum ire Jerosolymam, et multa pati - From then began to show it was necessary to go to Jerusalem and suffer much - first passion prediction.

22 Assumens eum Petrus, cœpit increpare - Peter taking him aside began to rebuke - increpare = scold, reprove.

23 Vade post me Satana, scandalum es mihi - Get behind me Satan, you are stumbling block to me - scandalum = trap, snare. Same Peter now Satan because opposing God's plan. Non sapis ea quæ Dei sunt, sed ea quæ hominum - You don't savor/think things of God but of men - sapis = taste, understand.

24 Abneget semetipsum, et tollat crucem suam - Deny self and take up cross - cross was instrument of shameful execution - shocking.

25 Qui voluerit animam suam salvam facere, perdet eam - Who wills to save his life will lose it - anima = life/soul.

26 Quid prodest homini, si mundum universum lucretur, animæ vero suæ detrimentum patiatur? - What profit if gains whole world but suffers loss of soul? - famous question. Commutationem = exchange price.

27 Venturus est in gloria Patris sui cum angelis suis : et tunc reddet unicuique secundum opera ejus - Will come in glory of Father with angels, then repay each according to works - Second Coming.

28 Sunt quidam de hic stantibus, qui non gustabunt mortem - Some standing here will not taste death - refers to Transfiguration in next chapter, or coming of kingdom in power.

Matthew 17

1 After six days Jesus took with him Peter, James and John the brother of James, and led them up a high mountain by themselves.

2 There he was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his clothes became as white as the light.

3 Just then there appeared before them Moses and Elijah, talking with Jesus.

4 Peter said to Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here. If you wish, I will put up three shelters - one for you, one for Moses and one for Elijah.

5 While he was still speaking, a bright cloud covered them, and a voice from the cloud said, This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased. Listen to him!

6 When the disciples heard this, they fell facedown to the ground, terrified.

7 But Jesus came and touched them. Get up, he said. Don't be afraid.

8 When they looked up, they saw no one except Jesus.

9 As they were coming down the mountain, Jesus instructed them, Don't tell anyone what you have seen, until the Son of Man has been raised from the dead.

10 The disciples asked him, Why then do the teachers of the law say that Elijah must come first?

11 Jesus replied, To be sure, Elijah comes and will restore all things.

12 But I tell you, Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him everything they wished. In the same way the Son of Man is going to suffer at their hands.

13 Then the disciples understood that he was talking to them about John the Baptist.

14 When they came to the crowd, a man approached Jesus and knelt before him.

15 Lord, have mercy on my son, he said. He has seizures and is suffering greatly. He often falls into the fire or into the water.

16 I brought him to your disciples, but they could not heal him.

17 You unbelieving and perverse generation, Jesus replied, how long shall I stay with you? How long shall I put up with you? Bring the boy here to me.

18 Jesus rebuked the demon, and it came out of the boy, and he was healed at that moment.

19 Then the disciples came to Jesus in private and asked, Why couldn't we drive it out?

20 He replied, Because you have so little faith. Truly I tell you, if you have faith as small as a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, Move from here to there, and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you.

21 But this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting.

22 When they came together in Galilee, he said to them, The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men.

23 They will kill him, and on the third day he will be raised to life. And the disciples were filled with grief.

24 After Jesus and his disciples arrived in Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma temple tax came to Peter and asked, Doesn't your teacher pay the temple tax?

25 Yes, he does, he replied. When Peter came into the house, Jesus was the first to speak. What do you think, Simon? he asked. From whom do the kings of the earth collect duty and taxes - from their own children or from others?

26 From others, Peter answered. Then the children are exempt, Jesus said to him.

27 But so that we may not cause offense, go to the lake and throw out your line. Take the first fish you catch; open its mouth and you will find a four-drachma coin. Take it and give it to them for my tax and yours.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 17

1 Et post dies sex assumit Jesus Petrum - After six days - six days after promise in 16:28, fulfillment. Montem excelsum seorsum - High mountain apart - likely Mount Hermon or Tabor.

2 Et transfiguratus est ante eos. Et resplenduit facies ejus sicut sol - Transfigured before them, face shone like sun - resplenduit = shone brightly. Vestimenta facta sunt alba sicut nix - Clothes white as snow - nix = snow, divine glory.

3 Moyses et Elias cum eo loquentes - Moses and Elijah - Law and Prophets, both had mountain encounters, both not normal deaths, speaking with Jesus about his exodus (Luke).

4 Faciamus tria tabernacula - Let us make three tabernacles/tents - tabernacula = booths, shelters, like Feast of Tabernacles - wants to stay.

5 Nubes lucida obumbravit eos - Bright cloud overshadowed them - Shekinah glory cloud from Exodus. Hic est Filius meus dilectus, in quo mihi bene complacui: ipsum audite - This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased: hear him - same as baptism, plus "hear him" - Deut 18:15 prophet like Moses to be heard.

6 Ceciderunt in faciem suam, et timuerunt valde - Fell on face and feared greatly - typical reaction to divine presence.

9 Nemini dixeritis visionem - Tell no one the vision - until risen - Transfiguration points to resurrection.

10 Quid ergo scribæ dicunt, quod Eliam oporteat primum venire? - Why scribes say Elijah must come first? - Malachi 4:5.

11 Elias quidem venturus est, et restituet omnia - Elijah indeed will come and restore all - both future restoration and John as fulfillment.

12 Elias jam venit, et non cognoverunt eum - Elijah already came and they didn't know him - John the Baptist killed.

14 Homo genibus provolutus - Man kneeling on knees before him - genibus provolutus = fell on knees.

15 Lunaticus est - Lunaticus = moon-struck, epileptic - ancients linked epilepsy to moon. Male patitur: sæpe cadit in ignem, et crebro in aquam - Suffers badly, falls into fire and water.

17 O generatio incredula, et perversa - O unbelieving and perverse generation - includes disciples and crowd.

18 Increpavit illum Jesus - Jesus rebuked him (demon) - word of authority.

20 Propter incredulitatem vestram... si habueritis fidem sicut granum sinapis - Because of unbelief... if have faith as mustard seed grain - tiny faith can move mountain - hyperbole for power.

21 Hoc autem genus non ejicitur nisi per orationem et jejunium - This kind not cast out except by prayer and fasting - some demons need deeper spiritual preparation - verse missing in some manuscripts but present in Clementine.

22 Filius hominis tradendus est in manus hominum - Son of Man to be handed over into hands of men - second passion prediction, tradendus = betrayed/hand delivered.

24 Qui didrachma accipiebant - Those receiving didrachma - two-drachma temple tax for upkeep, half shekel, Exodus 30:13.

25 Quid tibi videtur Simon? reges terræ a quibus accipiunt tributum vel censum? a filiis suis, an ab alienis? - What think Simon? Kings collect tribute from sons or strangers? - Sons are free.

27 Ut autem non scandalizemus eos, vade ad mare, et mitte hamum - So as not to scandalize them, go to sea, cast hook - Jesus pays tax though exempt, to avoid stumbling block. Staterem - Stater = four-drachma coin, exactly enough for two people - miracle of coin in fish mouth.

Matthew 18

1 At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, Who, then, is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?

2 He called a little child to him and placed the child among them.

3 And he said: Truly I tell you, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

4 Therefore, whoever takes the lowly position of this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.

5 And whoever welcomes one such child in my name welcomes me.

6 If anyone causes one of these little ones - those who believe in me - to stumble, it would be better for them to have a large millstone hung around their neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.

7 Woe to the world because of the things that cause people to stumble! Such things must come, but woe to the person through whom they come!

8 If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire.

9 And if your eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell.

10 See that you do not despise one of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father in heaven.

11 For the Son of Man came to save what was lost.

12 What do you think? If a man owns a hundred sheep, and one of them wanders away, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go to look for the one that wandered off?

13 And if he finds it, truly I tell you, he is happier about that one sheep than about the ninety-nine that did not wander off.

14 In the same way your Father in heaven is not willing that any of these little ones should perish.

15 If your brother or sister sins against you, go and point out their fault, just between the two of you. If they listen to you, you have won them over.

16 But if they will not listen, take one or two others along, so that every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.

17 If they still refuse to listen, tell it to the church; and if they refuse to listen even to the church, treat them as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

18 Truly I tell you, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.

19 Again, truly I tell you that if two of you on earth agree about anything they ask for, it will be done for them by my Father in heaven.

20 For where two or three gather in my name, there am I with them.

21 Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother or sister who sins against me? Up to seven times?

22 Jesus answered, I tell you, not seven times, but seventy-seven times.

23 Therefore, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants.

24 As he began the settlement, a man who owed him ten thousand talents was brought to him.

25 Since he was not able to pay, the master ordered that he and his wife and his children and all that he had be sold to repay the debt.

26 At this the servant fell on his knees before him. Be patient with me, he begged, and I will pay back everything.

27 The servant's master took pity on him, canceled the debt and let him go.

28 But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii. He grabbed him and began to choke him. Pay back what you owe me! he demanded.

29 His fellow servant fell to his knees and begged him, Be patient with me, and I will pay it back.

30 But he refused. Instead, he went off and had the man thrown into prison until he could pay the debt.

31 When the other servants saw what had happened, they were outraged and went and told their master everything that had happened.

32 Then the master called the servant in. You wicked servant, he said, I canceled all that debt of yours because you begged me to.

33 Shouldn't you have had mercy on your fellow servant just as I had on you?

34 In anger his master handed him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should pay back all he owed.

35 This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 18

1 In illa hora... Quis, putas, major est in regno cælorum? - At that hour, disciples ask who is greater - argument about rank.

2-3 Advocans parvulum... nisi conversi fueritis, et efficiamini sicut parvuli - Unless converted and become like little children - conversi = turned around, changed.

4 Humiliaverit se sicut parvulus iste - Who humbles himself like this child - child had no status, dependent.

5 Qui susceperit unum parvulum talem in nomine meo, me suscipit - Who receives one such child in my name, receives me - welcoming lowly = welcoming Jesus.

6 Qui autem scandalizaverit unum de pusillis istis - Who causes to stumble one of little ones - scandalizaverit = cause to sin, trap. Mola asinaria - Millstone of donkey - large millstone turned by donkey, heavy, drowning as punishment.

7 Væ mundo a scandalis! - Woe to world from scandals - scandala = stumbling blocks, temptations, necessary but woe to causer.

8-9 Si manus tua, vel pes tuus scandalizat te, abscide eum - If hand/foot/eye causes you to sin, cut off - hyperbole, radical removal of sin source.

10 Videte ne contemnatis unum ex his pusillis: angeli eorum in cælis semper vident faciem Patris mei - Don't despise little ones, their angels always see Father's face - guardian angels, great dignity.

12-14 Centum oves... relinquit nonaginta novem in montibus - Hundred sheep, leaves 99 on mountains - shepherd leaves majority to seek one - God's heart for wandering.

15 Si autem peccaverit in te frater tuus, vade, et corripe eum inter te, et ipsum solum - If brother sins against you, go correct him between you and him alone - first step private, goal lucratus eris fratrem tuum = you will have gained your brother.

16 Adhibe tecum adhuc unum, vel duos - Take one or two more - Deuteronomy 19:15, two or three witnesses establish matter.

17 Dic ecclesiæ - Tell the church - ecclesiæ = assembly, first time church as local community discipline. Sicut ethnicus et publicanus - As pagan and tax collector - outside community, to be evangelized.

18 Quæcumque alligaveritis super terram - Whatever you bind on earth bound in heaven - earlier given to Peter, now to all apostles/church - authority to bind/loose, discipline.

19 Si duo ex vobis consenserint super terram - If two agree on earth - consenserint = agree, literally sound together, symphony. De omni re quamcumque petierint - about anything they ask, done by Father.

20 Ubi sunt duo vel tres congregati in nomine meo, ibi sum in medio eorum - Two or three gathered in my name, I am in middle - presence of Jesus in church gathering.

21 Quoties peccabit in me frater meus, et dimittam ei? usque septies? - How many times forgive? Up to seven? - Peter thinks generous, rabbis said 3 times.

22 Non dico tibi usque septies: sed usque septuagies septies - Not seven but seventy times seven - 77 or 490 times - unlimited forgiveness.

24 Decem millia talenta - Ten thousand talents - enormous debt, talent = 6000 denarii, 10k talents = 60 million denarii, impossible to repay, represents sin debt to God.

28 Centum denarios - Hundred denarii - 100 days wage, small compared to 60 million, yet servant chokes fellow.

26-29 Procidens... Patientiam habe in me - Falling down begging patience - same words both servants use, but first is forgiven huge debt, second not forgiven small.

34 Tradidit eum tortoribus - Handed to torturers - tortoribus = tormentors, jailers who torture.

35 Sic et Pater meus cælestis faciet vobis, si non remiseritis unusquisque fratri suo de cordibus vestris - So heavenly Father will do to you if not forgive brother from your hearts - forgiveness must be from heart, otherwise judgment remains.

Matthew 19

1 When Jesus had finished saying these things, he left Galilee and went into the region of Judea to the other side of the Jordan.

2 Large crowds followed him, and he healed them there.

3 Some Pharisees came to him to test him. They asked, Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any and every reason?

4 Haven't you read, he replied, that at the beginning the Creator made them male and female,

5 and said, For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh?

6 So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate.

7 Why then, they asked, did Moses command that a man give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?

8 Jesus replied, Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning.

9 I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.

10 The disciples said to him, If this is the situation between a husband and wife, it is better not to marry.

11 Jesus replied, Not everyone can accept this word, but only those to whom it has been given.

12 For there are eunuchs who were born that way, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by others - and there are those who choose to live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it.

13 Then people brought little children to Jesus for him to place his hands on them and pray for them. But the disciples rebuked them.

14 Jesus said, Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.

15 When he had placed his hands on them, he went on from there.

16 Just then a man came up to Jesus and asked, Teacher, what good thing must I do to get eternal life?

17 Why do you ask me about what is good? Jesus replied. There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments.

18 Which ones? he inquired. Jesus replied, You shall not murder, you shall not commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not give false testimony,

19 honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself.

20 All these I have kept, the young man said. What do I still lack?

21 Jesus answered, If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.

22 When the young man heard this, he went away sad, because he had great wealth.

23 Then Jesus said to his disciples, Truly I tell you, it is hard for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of heaven.

24 Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God.

25 When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astonished and asked, Who then can be saved?

26 Jesus looked at them and said, With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.

27 Peter answered him, We have left everything to follow you! What then will there be for us?

28 Jesus said to them, Truly I tell you, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

29 And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or fields for my sake will receive a hundred times as much and will inherit eternal life.

30 But many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 19

1 Et factum est, cum consummasset Jesus sermones istos, migravit a Galilæa - When finished these words, moved from Galilee - end of Galilean ministry, goes to Judea beyond Jordan.

3 Si licet homini dimittere uxorem suam, quacumque ex causa? - Is it lawful to divorce wife for any cause? - Debate between schools of Hillel (any reason) vs Shammai (only adultery).

4 Qui fecit hominem ab initio, masculum et feminam fecit eos - He who made man from beginning made them male and female - Genesis 1:27.

5 Propter hoc dimittet homo patrem, et matrem, et adhærebit uxori suæ, et erunt duo in carne una - For this man will leave father and mother and cleave to wife, two in one flesh - Genesis 2:24.

6 Quod ergo Deus conjunxit, homo non separet - What God joined, man not separate - conjunxit = yoked together.

7 Quid ergo Moyses mandavit dare libellum repudii - Why Moses commanded to give writ of repudiation? - Deuteronomy 24:1-4, libellum repudii = bill of divorce.

8 Ad duritiam cordis vestri permisit vobis - For hardness of your heart permitted - permisit = allowed, not commanded - concession.

9 Quicumque dimiserit uxorem suam, nisi ob fornicationem - Whoever dismisses wife except for fornication - fornicationem = sexual immorality, porneia. And marries another commits adultery.

10 Non expedit nubere - Not expedient to marry - better not marry if so strict.

11 Non omnes capiunt verbum istud - Not all grasp this word - celibacy gift.

12 Eunuchi, qui de matris utero sic nati sunt... qui facti sunt ab hominibus... qui seipsos castraverunt propter regnum cælorum - Eunuchs born so, made so by men, and made themselves eunuchs for kingdom - three kinds: natural celibate, forced, voluntary for kingdom. Qui potest capere capiat - Who can grasp, grasp.

13 Oblati sunt ei parvuli, ut manus eis imponeret - Little children offered that he lay hands on them - blessing.

14 Sinite parvulos... talium est enim regnum cælorum - Let little ones... of such is kingdom - childlike trust.

16 Magister bone, quid boni faciam ut habeam vitam æternam? - Good Master, what good shall I do to have eternal life? - rich young man.

17 Quid me interrogas de bono? Unus est bonus, Deus - Why ask me about good? One is good, God - Jesus points to God alone good.

20 Omnia hæc custodivi a juventute mea - All these I kept from my youth - claims obedience.

21 Si vis perfectus esse, vade, vende quæ habes, et da pauperibus - If you will be perfect, go sell what you have and give to poor - perfectus = complete, mature, not sinless perfection but wholehearted.

22 Abiit tristis: erat enim habens multas possessiones - Went away sad, having many possessions - possessions had him.

24 Facilius est camelum per foramen acus transire - Easier camel through eye of needle - camelum = large animal, foramen acus = eye of needle - hyperbole, maybe rope? But Clementine camel.

26 Apud homines hoc impossibile est: apud Deum autem omnia possibilia sunt - With men impossible, with God all possible.

28 In regeneratione cum sederit Filius hominis in sede majestatis suæ - In regeneration when Son sits on throne of majesty - regeneratio = renewal, new world, Messianic age - apostles will sit on twelve thrones judging tribes.

29 Centuplum accipiet, et vitam æternam possidebit - Hundredfold receive and possess eternal life - leaving family for Christ's sake rewarded abundantly.

30 Multi autem erunt primi novissimi, et novissimi primi - Many first will be last, last first - reversal, prepares for next parable.

Matthew 20

1 For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.

2 He agreed to pay them a denarius for the day and sent them into his vineyard.

3 About nine in the morning he went out and saw others standing in the marketplace doing nothing.

4 He told them, You also go and work in my vineyard, and I will pay you whatever is right.

5 So they went. He went out again about noon and about three in the afternoon and did the same thing.

6 About five in the afternoon he went out and found still others standing around. He asked them, Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?

7 Because no one has hired us, they answered. He said to them, You also go and work in my vineyard.

8 When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, Call the workers and pay them their wages, beginning with the last ones hired and going on to the first.

9 The workers who were hired about five in the afternoon came and each received a denarius.

10 So when those came who were hired first, they expected to receive more. But each one of them also received a denarius.

11 When they received it, they began to grumble against the landowner.

12 These who were hired last worked only one hour, they said, and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden of the work and the heat of the day.

13 But he answered one of them, I am not being unfair to you, friend. Didn't you agree to work for a denarius?

14 Take your pay and go. I want to give the one who was hired last the same as I gave you.

15 Don't I have the right to do what I want with my own money? Or are you envious because I am generous?

16 So the last will be first, and the first will be last.

17 Now Jesus was going up to Jerusalem. On the way, he took the Twelve aside and said to them,

18 We are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death

19 and will hand him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged and crucified. On the third day he will be raised to life!

20 Then the mother of Zebedee's sons came to Jesus with her sons and, kneeling down, asked a favor of him.

21 What is it you want? he asked. She said, Grant that one of these two sons of mine may sit at your right and the other at your left in your kingdom.

22 You don't know what you are asking, Jesus said to them. Can you drink the cup I am going to drink? We can, they answered.

23 Jesus said to them, You will indeed drink from my cup, but to sit at my right or left is not for me to grant. These places belong to those for whom they have been prepared by my Father.

24 When the ten heard about this, they were indignant with the two brothers.

25 Jesus called them together and said, You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them.

26 Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant,

27 and whoever wants to be first must be your slave -

28 just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.

29 As Jesus and his disciples were leaving Jericho, a large crowd followed him.

30 Two blind men were sitting by the roadside, and when they heard that Jesus was going by, they shouted, Lord, Son of David, have mercy on us!

31 The crowd rebuked them and told them to be quiet, but they shouted all the louder, Lord, Son of David, have mercy on us!

32 Jesus stopped and called them. What do you want me to do for you? he asked.

33 Lord, they answered, we want our sight.

34 Jesus had compassion on them and touched their eyes. Immediately they received their sight and followed him.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 20

1 Simile est regnum cælorum homini patrifamilias - Like kingdom to man father of family - landowner, master of house. Primo mane - First morning, early, dawn ~6am.

2 Conventione facta cum operariis ex denario diurno - Agreement made with workers for denarius per day - denarius = day's wage for laborer, Roman coin.

3 Circa horam tertiam - About third hour - 9am. Stantes in foro otiosos - Standing in market idle - laborers waiting for hire in marketplace.

4 Quod justum fuerit dabo vobis - Whatever just will be I will give you - no fixed amount, trust.

5 Circa sextam et nonam horam - Around sixth (noon) and ninth (3pm) hours.

6 Circa undecimam - Around eleventh hour - 5pm, one hour left in workday.

8 Cum sero factum esset... redde illis mercedem incipiens a novissimis usque ad primos - When evening came, pay wages beginning from last to first - reversal.

12 Hi novissimi una hora fecerunt, et pares illos nobis fecisti, qui portavimus pondus diei, et æstus - These last one hour made, and equal them to us who bore weight of day and heat - complaint of fairness.

13 Amice, non facio tibi injuriam: nonne ex denario convenisti mecum? - Friend, I do you no wrong: did you not agree for denarius? - justice.

14 Volo autem et huic novissimo dare sicut et tibi - I wish to give to this last as to you - grace.

15 Aut non licet mihi quod volo, facere? an oculus tuus nequam est, quia ego bonus sum? - Is it not allowed me to do what I will? Is your eye evil because I am good? - oculus nequam = evil eye = envy, jealousy.

16 Sic erunt novissimi primi, et primi novissimi. Multi enim sunt vocati, pauci vero electi - So last first, first last. Many called, few chosen - Clementine adds second phrase.

17 Ascendens Jesus Jerosolymam, assumpsit duodecim discipulos secreto - Going up to Jerusalem, took twelve secretly - third passion prediction, more detailed.

18-19 Tradetur principibus sacerdotum... et tradent eum gentibus ad illudendum, et flagellandum, et crucifigendum - Will be handed to chief priests... and hand over to Gentiles to mock, flog, crucify - first time crucifixion mentioned explicitly.

20 Mater filiorum Zebedæi... adorans et petens aliquid - Mother of Zebedee's sons (James and John, Salome) worshipping and asking - Matthew includes mother, Mark sons themselves.

21 Dic ut sedeant... unus ad dexteram tuam, et unus ad sinistram - Say that they sit one at right, one at left in kingdom - places of highest honor.

22 Potestis bibere calicem, quem ego bibiturus sum? - Can you drink cup I am about to drink? - cup = suffering, God's wrath. Possumus - We can - overconfident.

23 Calicem quidem meum bibetis - My cup indeed you will drink - James martyred Acts 12, John exiled. Non est meum dare vobis, sed quibus paratum est a Patre meo - Not mine to give, but for whom prepared by my Father - authority of Father.

25 Principes gentium dominantur eorum: et qui majores sunt, potestatem exercent in eos - Princes of Gentiles dominate, greater exercise power - worldly leadership lords over.

26-27 Quicumque voluerit... major fieri, sit vester minister... primus esse, erit vester servus - Whoever wants to be great, be your minister... first be your slave - minister = servant, servus = slave - reversal of values.

28 Non venit ministrari, sed ministrare, et dare animam suam redemptionem pro multis - Did not come to be served but to serve, and give life as redemption for many - redemptionem = ransom price paid to free slaves.

29 Egredientibus illis ab Jericho - Going out from Jericho - on way to Jerusalem.

30 Duo cæci sedentes secus viam - Two blind men sitting beside road - Jericho roadside beggars.

32 Stetit Jesus, et vocavit eos - Jesus stood and called them - stopped for lowly.

34 Misertus... tetigit oculos eorum - Having compassion touched eyes - immediate sight and they followed - discipleship.

Matthew 21

1 As they approached Jerusalem and came to Bethphage on the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples,

2 saying to them, Go to the village ahead of you, and at once you will find a donkey tied there, with her colt by her. Untie them and bring them to me.

3 If anyone says anything to you, say that the Lord needs them, and he will send them right away.

4 This took place to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet:

5 Say to Daughter Zion, See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.

6 The disciples went and did as Jesus had instructed them.

7 They brought the donkey and the colt and placed their cloaks on them for Jesus to sit on.

8 A very large crowd spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road.

9 The crowds that went ahead of him and those that followed shouted, Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest heaven!

10 When Jesus entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred and asked, Who is this?

11 The crowds answered, This is Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.

12 Jesus entered the temple courts and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the benches of those selling doves.

13 It is written, he said to them, My house will be called a house of prayer, but you are making it a den of robbers.

14 The blind and the lame came to him at the temple, and he healed them.

15 But when the chief priests and the teachers of the law saw the wonderful things he did and the children shouting in the temple courts, Hosanna to the Son of David, they were indignant.

16 Do you hear what these children are saying? they asked him. Yes, replied Jesus, have you never read, From the lips of children and infants you, Lord, have called forth your praise?

17 And he left them and went out of the city to Bethany, where he spent the night.

18 Early in the morning, as Jesus was on his way back to the city, he was hungry.

19 Seeing a fig tree by the road, he went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves. Then he said to it, May you never bear fruit again! Immediately the tree withered.

20 When the disciples saw this, they were amazed. How did the fig tree wither so quickly? they asked.

21 Jesus replied, Truly I tell you, if you have faith and do not doubt, not only can you do what was done to the fig tree, but also you can say to this mountain, Go, throw yourself into the sea, and it will be done.

22 If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.

23 Jesus entered the temple courts, and, while he was teaching, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him. By what authority are you doing these things? they asked. And who gave you this authority?

24 Jesus replied, I will also ask you one question. If you answer me, I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things.

25 John's baptism - where did it come from? Was it from heaven, or of human origin? They discussed it among themselves and said, If we say, From heaven, he will ask, Then why didn't you believe him?

26 But if we say, Of human origin - we are afraid of the people, for they all hold that John was a prophet.

27 So they answered Jesus, We don't know. Then he said, Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.

28 What do you think? There was a man who had two sons. He went to the first and said, Son, go and work today in the vineyard.

29 I will not, he answered, but later he changed his mind and went.

30 Then the father went to the other son and said the same thing. He answered, I will, sir, but he did not go.

31 Which of the two did what his father wanted? The first, they answered. Jesus said to them, Truly I tell you, the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you.

32 For John came to you to show you the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him.

33 Listen to another parable: There was a landowner who planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a winepress in it and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place.

34 When the harvest time approached, he sent his servants to the tenants to collect his fruit.

35 The tenants seized his servants; they beat one, killed another, and stoned a third.

36 Then he sent other servants to them, more than the first time, and the tenants treated them the same way.

37 Last of all, he sent his son to them. They will respect my son, he said.

38 But when the tenants saw the son, they said to each other, This is the heir. Come, let's kill him and take his inheritance.

39 So they took him and threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

40 Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those tenants?

41 He will bring those wretches to a wretched end, they replied, and he will rent the vineyard to other tenants, who will give him his share of the crop at harvest time.

42 Jesus said to them, Have you never read in the Scriptures: The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes?

43 Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit.

44 Anyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.

45 When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard Jesus' parables, they knew he was talking about them.

46 They looked for a way to arrest him, but they were afraid of the crowd because the people held that he was a prophet.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 21

1 Cum appropinquassent Jerosolymis, et venissent Bethphage ad montem Oliveti - Bethphage village on Mount of Olives, near Jerusalem - triumphal entry begins.

2 Asinam alligatam, et pullum cum ea - Donkey tied and colt with her - both mother and colt - Matthew mentions two animals.

5 Dicite filiæ Sion: Ecce rex tuus venit tibi mansuetus, sedens super asinam, et pullum filium subjugalis - Say to daughter Zion, King comes meek, sitting on donkey and colt foal of beast of burden - Zechariah 9:9 - mansuetus = gentle, meek, fulfills humble king.

6-7 Imposuerunt super eos vestimenta sua, et eum desuper sedere fecerunt - Put clothes on them and made him sit above - clothes as saddle.

8 Plurima turba straverunt vestimenta sua in via: alii autem cædebant ramos - Many spread garments, others cut branches - carpet for king, palm branches (Palm Sunday).

9 Hosanna filio David - Hosanna to Son of David - Hosanna = Hebrew "Save us please" becomes praise. Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini: hosanna in altissimis - Blessed who comes in name of Lord, from Psalm 118:26.

10 Commota est universa civitas - Whole city was stirred - commota = moved, shaken.

12 Intravit Jesus in templum Dei, et ejiciebat omnes vendentes - Entered Temple and cast out buyers/sellers - cleansing, second time. Mensas numulariorum, et cathedras vendentium columbas evertit - Overturned tables of money changers (exchanging to Temple coin) and chairs of dove sellers (sacrifice for poor).

13 Domus mea domus orationis vocabitur: vos autem fecistis illam speluncam latronum - My house shall be called house of prayer, you made it cave of robbers - Isaiah 56:7 + Jeremiah 7:11.

16 Ex ore infantium et lactentium perfecisti laudem - Out of mouth of infants and nursing babes you perfected praise - Psalm 8:2, children praising Messiah.

19 Fici arborem unam secus viam... nihil invenit in ea nisi folia tantum... arefacta est continuo ficulnea - One fig tree by road, nothing but leaves, withered immediately - symbol of Israel's fruitlessness, leaves without fruit.

21 Si habueritis fidem, et non hæsitaveritis - If have faith and not doubt - hæsitaveritis = hesitate, waver.

23 In qua potestate hæc facis? - By what authority do you do these? - challenge after cleansing.

25 Baptismus Joannis unde erat? e cælo, an ex hominibus? - John's baptism whence? From heaven or men? - dilemma.

28 Homo quidam habebat duos filios - Man had two sons - parable of two sons - first says no but does, second says yes but doesn't - tax collectors = first son, Pharisees = second.

31 Publicani et meretrices præcedent vos in regnum Dei - Tax collectors and prostitutes go before you into kingdom - shocking statement.

33 Homo erat paterfamilias, qui plantavit vineam, et sepem circumdedit ei, et fodit in ea torcular, et ædificavit turrim - Man landowner planted vineyard, hedge around, dug winepress, built tower - Isaiah 5, vineyard = Israel. Locavit eam agricolis - Rented to farmers = leaders.

38 Hic est hæres, venite, occidamus eum, et habebimus hæreditatem ejus - This is heir, come kill him and have inheritance - tenants think killing heir gives them vineyard.

41 Malos male perdet - Evil men will evil destroy - wordplay, malos male = bad men badly.

42 Lapidem quem reprobaverunt ædificantes, hic factus est in caput anguli - Stone which builders rejected, became head of corner - Psalm 118:22-23, cornerstone = Jesus.

43 Auferetur a vobis regnum Dei, et dabitur genti facienti fructus ejus - Kingdom taken from you and given to nation producing fruits - transfer from Israel leaders to Church, or Gentiles.

44 Qui ceciderit super lapidem istum, confringetur: super quem vero ceciderit, conteret eum - Who falls on stone broken, whom stone falls on crushed - two fates: stumbling on Jesus now broken, or Jesus returning in judgment crushes - Daniel 2 stone.

Matthew 22

1 Jesus spoke to them again in parables, saying:

2 The kingdom of heaven is like a king who prepared a wedding banquet for his son.

3 He sent his servants to those who had been invited to the banquet to tell them to come, but they refused to come.

4 Then he sent some more servants and said, Tell those who have been invited that I have prepared my dinner: My oxen and fattened cattle have been butchered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.

5 But they paid no attention and went off - one to his field, another to his business.

6 The rest seized his servants, mistreated them and killed them.

7 The king was enraged. He sent his army and destroyed those murderers and burned their city.

8 Then he said to his servants, The wedding banquet is ready, but those I invited did not deserve to come.

9 So go to the street corners and invite to the banquet anyone you find.

10 So the servants went out into the streets and gathered all the people they could find, the bad as well as the good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests.

11 But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes.

12 He asked, How did you get in here without wedding clothes, friend? The man was speechless.

13 Then the king told the attendants, Tie him hand and foot, and throw him outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

14 For many are invited, but few are chosen.

15 Then the Pharisees went out and laid plans to trap him in his words.

16 They sent their disciples to him along with the Herodians. Teacher, they said, we know that you are a man of integrity and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. You aren't swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are.

17 Tell us then, what is your opinion? Is it right to pay the imperial tax to Caesar or not?

18 But Jesus, knowing their evil intent, said, You hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me?

19 Show me the coin used for paying the tax. They brought him a denarius,

20 and he asked them, Whose image is this? And whose inscription?

21 Caesar's, they replied. Then he said to them, So give back to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's.

22 When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away.

23 That same day the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to him with a question.

24 Teacher, they said, Moses told us that if a man dies without having children, his brother must marry the widow and raise up offspring for him.

25 Now there were seven brothers among us. The first one married and died, and since he had no children, he left his wife to his brother.

26 The same thing happened to the second and third brother, right on down to the seventh.

27 Finally, the woman died.

28 Now then, at the resurrection, whose wife will she be of the seven, since all of them were married to her?

29 Jesus replied, You are in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God.

30 At the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.

31 But about the resurrection of the dead - have you not read what God said to you,

32 I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? He is not the God of the dead but of the living.

33 When the crowds heard this, they were astonished at his teaching.

34 Hearing that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees, the Pharisees got together.

35 One of them, an expert in the law, tested him with this question:

36 Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?

37 Jesus replied: Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.

38 This is the first and greatest commandment.

39 And the second is like it: Love your neighbor as yourself.

40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.

41 While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them,

42 What do you think about the Messiah? Whose son is he? The son of David, they replied.

43 He said to them, How is it then that David, speaking by the Spirit, calls him Lord? For he says,

44 The Lord said to my Lord: Sit at my right hand until I put your enemies under your feet.

45 If then David calls him Lord, how can he be his son?

46 No one could say a word in reply, and from that day on no one dared to ask him any more questions.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 22

1-2 Simile factum est regnum cælorum homini regi, qui fecit nuptias filio suo - Kingdom like man king who made wedding feast for his son - nuptias = wedding, marriage feast.

3 Misit servos suos vocare invitatos ad nuptias - Sent servants to call invited - double invitation custom, first invite, then call when ready.

5 Illi autem neglexerunt: et abierunt, alius in villam suam, alius vero ad negotiationem suam - They neglected and went off, one to farm, other to business - indifference.

6 Reliqui vero tenuerunt servos... et occiderunt - Rest seized servants and killed - persecution of prophets.

7 Rex... iratus est: et missis exercitibus suis, perdidit homicidas illos, et civitatem illorum succendit - King angry, sent armies, destroyed murderers and burned city - prophecy of destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD.

9 Ite ergo ad exitus viarum - Go to exits of roads - crossroads, where all kinds gather.

10 Congregaverunt omnes quos invenerunt, malos et bonos - Gathered all they found, bad and good - indiscriminate call, includes sinners.

11 Non vestitum veste nuptiali - Not clothed in wedding garment - garment provided by king? Must wear righteousness of Christ, not own clothes. No wedding clothes = lack of conversion.

12 Amice, quomodo huc intrasti non habens vestem nuptialem? At ille obmutuit - Friend, how enter without wedding garment? He was speechless - obmutuit = became mute.

13 Ligatis manibus et pedibus ejus, mittite eum in tenebras exteriores: ibi erit fletus et stridor dentium - Bind hands and feet, cast into outer darkness, weeping and gnashing - judgment.

14 Multi enim sunt vocati, pauci vero electi - Many called, few chosen - call is general, election requires response and garment.

15 Consilium inierunt ut caperent eum in sermone - Took counsel to catch him in speech - trap with words.

16 Cum Herodianis - With Herodians - supporters of Herod, political opponents of Pharisees but unite against Jesus. Non respicis personam hominum - You don't look at face of men - you don't show favoritism.

17 Licet censum dare Cæsari, an non? - Is it lawful to give census (tax) to Caesar? - poll tax to Rome, hated by Jews - if says yes, loses people, if says no, accused to Rome.

19 Ostendite mihi numisma census... denarium - Show me coin of census... denarius - denarius had image of Caesar and inscription "Tiberius Caesar son of divine Augustus."

20 Cujus est imago hæc, et superscriptio? - Whose image and inscription? - imago = likeness.

21 Reddite ergo quæ sunt Cæsaris, Cæsari: et quæ sunt Dei, Deo - Render to Caesar things Caesar's, to God things God's - coin bears Caesar's image, man bears God's image.

23 Sadducæi, qui dicunt non esse resurrectionem - Sadducees who say no resurrection - they denied afterlife, angels, strict Torah only.

24 Si quis mortuus fuerit non habens filium, ut ducat frater ejus uxorem - Levirate marriage law Deuteronomy 25:5 - raise seed for brother.

29 Erratis nescientes Scripturas, neque virtutem Dei - You err not knowing Scriptures nor power of God - two errors.

30 In resurrectione enim neque nubent, neque nubentur: sed erunt sicut angeli Dei - In resurrection neither marry nor are married, but like angels - no marriage needed, eternal life, no procreation.

32 Ego sum Deus Abraham, et Deus Isaac, et Deus Jacob? Non est Deus mortuorum, sed viventium - I am God of Abraham... Not God of dead but living - Exodus 3:6 present tense "I am" shows patriarchs still alive to God.

36 Quod est mandatum magnum in lege? - Which is great commandment? - 613 commandments, debate which greatest.

37 Diliges Dominum Deum tuum ex toto corde tuo... - Love Lord God with all heart... - Deuteronomy 6:5, Shema.

39 Diliges proximum tuum, sicut teipsum - Love neighbor as self - Leviticus 19:18.

40 In his duobus mandatis universa lex pendet, et prophetæ - On these two commandments whole Law and Prophets hang - everything depends on them.

42 Quid vobis videtur de Christo? cujus filius est? - What think about Christ? Whose son? - David's son per expectation.

43-44 Quomodo ergo David in spiritu vocat eum Dominum, dicens: Dixit Dominus Domino meo... - How David in Spirit calls him Lord, saying Lord said to my Lord - Psalm 110:1 - Dominus (YHWH) said to Domino meo (Adonai, Messiah) - how can son be Lord? Shows Messiah more than David's descendant, divine.

46 Nemo poterat ei respondere verbum - No one could answer word - silenced all questions.

Matthew 23

1 Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples:

2 The teachers of the law and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat.

3 So you must be careful to do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach.

4 They tie up heavy, cumbersome loads and put them on other people's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them.

5 Everything they do is done for people to see: They make their phylacteries wide and the tassels on their garments long;

6 they love the place of honor at banquets and the most important seats in the synagogues;

7 they love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and to be called Rabbi by others.

8 But you are not to be called Rabbi, for you have one Teacher, and you are all brothers.

9 And do not call anyone on earth father, for you have one Father, and he is in heaven.

10 Nor are you to be called instructors, for you have one Instructor, the Messiah.

11 The greatest among you will be your servant.

12 For those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.

13 Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the door of the kingdom of heaven in people's faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let those enter who are trying to.

14 Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You devour widows' houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. Therefore you will be punished more severely.

15 Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You travel over land and sea to win a single convert, and when you have succeeded, you make them twice as much a child of hell as you are.

16 Woe to you, blind guides! You say, If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gold of the temple is bound by that oath.

17 You blind fools! Which is greater: the gold, or the temple that makes the gold sacred?

18 You also say, If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gift on the altar is bound by that oath.

19 You blind men! Which is greater: the gift, or the altar that makes the gift sacred?

20 Therefore, anyone who swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it.

21 And anyone who swears by the temple swears by it and by the one who dwells in it.

22 And anyone who swears by heaven swears by God's throne and by the one who sits on it.

23 Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices - mint, dill and cumin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law - justice, mercy and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former.

24 You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel.

25 Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.

26 Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean.

27 Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean.

28 In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.

29 Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets and decorate the graves of the righteous.

30 And you say, If we had lived in the days of our ancestors, we would not have taken part with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.

31 So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.

32 Go ahead, then, and complete what your ancestors started!

33 You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell?

34 Therefore I am sending you prophets and sages and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify; others you will flog in your synagogues and pursue from town to town.

35 And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar.

36 Truly I tell you, all this will come on this generation.

37 Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing.

38 Look, your house is left to you desolate.

39 For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 23

1 Tunc Jesus locutus est ad turbas, et ad discipulos suos - Then Jesus spoke to crowds and disciples - public denunciation after silencing leaders.

2 Super cathedram Moysi sederunt scribæ et pharisæi - On chair of Moses sat scribes and Pharisees - cathedram = seat of teaching authority.

3 Omnia quæcumque dixerint vobis, servate, et facite: secundum opera vero eorum nolite facere - All they tell you, observe and do, but according to works do not do - respect office even if holders fail.

4 Alligant onera gravia, et importabilia, et imponunt in humeros hominum: digito autem suo nolunt ea movere - They bind heavy, unbearable burdens and lay on men's shoulders, finger won't move them - endless added rules.

5 Dilatant enim phylacteria sua, et magnificant fimbrias - Enlarge phylacteries and magnify fringes - phylacteria = small leather boxes with Scripture tied to forehead/arm (Deut 6:8), fimbrias = tassels (Numbers 15:38) - making them big for show.

6 Primos recubitus in cœnis, et primas cathedras in synagogis - First reclining places at feasts and first chairs in synagogues - places of honor.

8 Nolite vocari Rabbi - Do not be called Rabbi - title inflation, humility commanded.

9 Et patrem nolite vocare vobis super terram - Call no man father on earth - not literal prohibition of word father, but father as spiritual title claiming authority - one Father in heaven.

13 Clauditis regnum cælorum ante homines - Shut kingdom of heaven before men - first woe.

14 Comeditis domos viduarum, orationes longas orantes - Eat houses of widows, long prayers praying - exploiting vulnerable while appearing pious - verse present in Clementine.

15 Circuitis mare, et aridam, ut faciatis unum proselytum... filium gehennæ duplo quam vos - Compass sea and dry land to make one proselyte, make him son of hell twice as you - zeal to convert but converts become worse.

16-22 Quicumque juraverit per templum... - Oath system to evade oaths - saying gold more binding than temple - sophistry.

23 Decimatis mentham, et anethum, et cyminum, et reliquistis quæ graviora sunt legis, judicium, et misericordiam, et fidem - Tithe mint, dill, cumin, neglect weightier matters: judgment, mercy, faith - small herbs tithed carefully while justice ignored.

24 Duces cæci, excolantes culicem, camelum autem glutientes - Blind guides, straining gnat, swallowing camel - excolantes = filtering out gnat from drink, but gulp camel - hyperbole, small scruples, big sins.

25 Mundatis quod deforis est calicis et paropsidis; intus autem pleni estis rapina et immunditia - Clean outside of cup and dish, inside full of plunder and uncleanness - paropsidis = dish, platter.

26 Munda prius quod intus est calicis - Clean first inside of cup - inner transformation first.

27 Similes estis sepulchris dealbatis, quæ a foris parent hominibus speciosa, intus vero pleni sunt ossibus mortuorum, et omni spurcitia - Like whitewashed tombs, outside appear beautiful, inside bones and filth - whitewashed tombs to avoid touching and becoming unclean, but inside death.

29 Ædificatis sepulchra prophetarum, et ornatis monumenta justorum - Build tombs of prophets and adorn monuments of just - honoring dead prophets while plotting to kill living one.

32 Implete mensuram patrum vestrorum - Fill up measure of your fathers - go ahead and finish their sin - irony.

33 Serpentes, genimina viperarum, quomodo fugietis a judicio gehennæ? - Serpents, brood of vipers, how escape judgment of hell? - gehenna = valley of Hinnom, garbage fire, hell.

34 Ego mitto ad vos prophetas, et sapientes, et scribas - I send to you prophets, wise men, scribes - Jesus as sender of prophets - will be killed, crucified, flogged in synagogues.

35 A sanguine Abel justi usque ad sanguinem Zachariæ, filii Barachiæ, quem occidistis inter templum et altare - From blood of just Abel (first murder Genesis) to Zechariah son of Barachiah killed between temple and altar (2 Chron 24:20-21, last book of Hebrew Bible) - entire history of righteous blood.

36 Venient hæc omnia super generationem istam - All these things will come upon this generation - judgment on that generation, fulfilled 70 AD.

37 Jerusalem, Jerusalem... quoties volui congregare filios tuos, quemadmodum gallina congregat pullos suos sub alas, et noluisti? - How often I wanted to gather your children as hen gathers chicks under wings, and you would not? - lament, tender image, divine longing.

38 Relinquetur vobis domus vestra deserta - Your house left to you deserted - house = Temple/city, left desolate.

39 Non me videbitis amodo, donec dicatis: Benedictus, qui venit in nomine Domini - You will not see me from now until you say Blessed is he who comes in name of Lord - Psalm 118:26, final return.

Matthew 24

1 Jesus left the temple and was walking away when his disciples came up to him to call his attention to its buildings.

2 But Jesus said to them, Do you see all these things? Truly I tell you, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.

3 As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. Tell us, they said, when will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?

4 Jesus answered: Watch out that no one deceives you.

5 For many will come in my name, claiming, I am the Messiah, and will deceive many.

6 You will hear of wars and rumors of wars, but see to it that you are not alarmed. Such things must happen, but the end is still to come.

7 Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places.

8 All these are the beginning of birth pains.

9 Then you will be handed over to be persecuted and put to death, and you will be hated by all nations because of me.

10 At that time many will turn away from the faith and will betray and hate each other,

11 and many false prophets will appear and deceive many people.

12 Because of the increase of wickedness, the love of most will grow cold,

13 but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved.

14 And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.

15 So when you see standing in the holy place the abomination that causes desolation, spoken of through the prophet Daniel - let the reader understand -

16 then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

17 Let no one on the housetop go down to take anything out of the house.

18 Let no one in the field go back to get their cloak.

19 How dreadful it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers!

20 Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath.

21 For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now - and never to be equaled again.

22 If those days had not been cut short, no one would survive, but for the sake of the elect those days will be shortened.

23 At that time if anyone says to you, Look, here is the Messiah! or, There he is! do not believe it.

24 For false messiahs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect.

25 See, I have told you ahead of time.

26 So if anyone tells you, There he is, out in the wilderness, do not go out; or, Here he is, in the inner rooms, do not believe it.

27 For as lightning that comes from the east is visible even in the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man.

28 Wherever there is a carcass, there the vultures will gather.

29 Immediately after the distress of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from the sky, and the heavenly bodies will be shaken.

30 Then will appear the sign of the Son of Man in heaven. And then all the peoples of the earth will mourn when they see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven, with power and great glory.

31 And he will send his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other.

32 Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its twigs get tender and its leaves come out, you know that summer is near.

33 Even so, when you see all these things, you know that it is near, right at the door.

34 Truly I tell you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened.

35 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.

36 But about that day or hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.

37 As it was in the days of Noah, so it will be at the coming of the Son of Man.

38 For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark;

39 and they knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and took them all away. That is how it will be at the coming of the Son of Man.

40 Two men will be in the field; one will be taken and the other left.

41 Two women will be grinding with a hand mill; one will be taken and the other left.

42 Therefore keep watch, because you do not know on what day your Lord will come.

43 But understand this: If the owner of the house had known at what time of night the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and would not have let his house be broken into.

44 So you also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour when you do not expect him.

45 Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom the master has put in charge of the servants in his household to give them their food at the proper time?

46 It will be good for that servant whose master finds him doing so when he returns.

47 Truly I tell you, he will put him in charge of all his possessions.

48 But suppose that servant is wicked and says to himself, My master is staying away a long time,

49 and he then begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with drunkards.

50 The master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he is not aware of.

51 He will cut him to pieces and assign him a place with the hypocrites, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 24

1 Et egressus Jesus de templo, ibat. Et accesserunt discipuli ejus, ut ostenderent ei ædificationes templi - Jesus leaving Temple, disciples show buildings - Herod's Temple massive, impressive.

2 Non relinquetur hic lapis super lapidem, qui non destruatur - Not left here stone on stone not destroyed - fulfilled 70 AD Romans destroyed Temple.

3 Super montem Oliveti... Dic nobis, quando hæc erunt? et quod signum adventus tui, et consummationis sæculi? - On Mount of Olives... when will these be? What sign of your coming and end of age? - two questions confused as one.

4 Videte ne quis vos seducat - See that no one deceives you - first warning.

5 Ego sum Christus - I am Christ - false messiahs.

6 Audituri estis prælia, et opiniones præliorum - You will hear wars and rumors - don't be troubled.

7 Consurget gens in gentem... pestilentiæ, et fames, et terræmotus per loca - Nation against nation, pestilences, famines, earthquakes.

8 Initia sunt dolorum - Beginnings of birth pains - dolores = pains of childbirth, labor.

9 Tunc tradent vos in tribulationem - Then deliver you to tribulation - persecution.

10 Scandalizabuntur multi - Many will be scandalized - offended, fall away, betray.

12 Quoniam abundavit iniquitas, refrigescet caritas multorum - Because iniquity abounded, charity of many will grow cold - refrigescet = cool off.

13 Qui autem perseveraverit usque in finem, hic salvus erit - Who perseveres to end saved.

14 Prædicabitur hoc Evangelium regni in universo orbe - Gospel preached in whole world - then end comes.

15 Abominationem desolationis, quæ dicta est a Daniele propheta, stantem in loco sancto - Abomination of desolation spoken by Daniel standing in holy place - Daniel 9:27, 11:31, 12:11 - profaning Temple, Antiochus type, Roman standards in Temple 70 AD, or future antichrist.

16 Qui in Judæa sunt, fugiant ad montes - Those in Judea flee to mountains - urgent flight.

17 Qui in tecto, non descendat tollere aliquid de domo sua - Who on roof, not go down to take anything - flat roofs, external stairs, flee immediately.

19 Væ prægnantibus et nutrientibus - Woe to pregnant and nursing - difficulty fleeing.

20 Orate ut non fiat fuga vestra in hieme, vel sabbato - Pray flight not in winter or Sabbath - winter hard, Sabbath limited travel and gates closed.

21 Tribulatio magna, qualis non fuit ab initio mundi - Great tribulation such as not from beginning - superlative distress.

22 Nisi breviati fuissent dies illi, non fieret salva omnis caro - Unless days shortened, no flesh saved - but for elect shortened.

24 Pseudochristi, et pseudoprophetæ: et dabunt signa magna, et prodigia - False Christs and false prophets give great signs and wonders - deceptive miracles, so that if possible even elect deceived.

26 Ecce in deserto est, nolite exire; Ecce in penetralibus - Behold in desert, don't go out; behold in inner rooms - false secret comings.

27 Sicut fulgur exit ab oriente, et paret usque in occidentem - As lightning comes from east appears to west - visible, unmistakable, sudden, universal.

28 Ubicumque fuerit corpus, illic congregabuntur et aquilæ - Wherever corpse, there eagles gather - aquilae = eagles/vultures, carcass - judgment.

29 Sol obscurabitur, et luna non dabit lumen suum, et stellæ cadent de cælo, et virtutes cælorum commovebuntur - Sun darkened, moon no light, stars fall, powers of heavens shaken - Isaiah 13, 34, cosmic signs.

30 Tunc parebit signum Filii hominis in cælo - Then will appear sign of Son of Man in heaven - sign itself debated: cross? Son himself? Et tunc plangent omnes tribus terræ - All tribes mourn - Zechariah 12:10, those who pierced.

31 Mittet angelos suos cum tuba, et voce magna - Send angels with trumpet and great voice - trumpet = gathering, elect from four winds.

32 Ab arbore fici discite parabolam - From fig tree learn parable - tender branch, leaves sprout, summer near - signs indicate nearness.

34 Non præteribit generatio hæc, donec omnia hæc fiant - This generation will not pass until all these happen - generation that sees signs, or that generation of Jews, or race.

35 Cælum et terra transibunt, verba autem mea non præteribunt - Heaven and earth will pass, but my words not pass - permanence of Jesus' words.

36 De die illa et hora nemo scit, neque angeli cælorum, nisi solus Pater - Of that day and hour no one knows, not angels, only Father alone - Clementine omits "nor Son" found in some manuscripts.

37-39 Sicut in diebus Noë... comedentes et bibentes, nubentes et nuptum tradentes - As in days of Noah, eating, drinking, marrying and giving in marriage - normal life, unprepared, until flood took all.

40-41 Unus assumetur, et unus relinquetur... Duæ molentes in mola - One taken, one left - taken in judgment? Or taken to be with Lord? Mola = mill, hand grinding.

42 Vigilate ergo, quia nescitis qua hora Dominus vester venturus sit - Watch therefore, don't know what hour Lord coming.

43 Si sciret paterfamilias qua hora fur venturus esset, vigilaret - If father of family knew what hour thief coming, would watch - thief in night image.

45 Fidelis servus, et prudens, quem constituit dominus suus super familiam suam ut det illis cibum in tempore - Faithful and prudent servant set over household to give food in time - stewardship.

48-51 Malus servus... Moram fecit dominus meus venire... dividet eum, partemque ejus ponet cum hypocritis - Evil servant says master delays coming, beats fellow servants, eats with drunkards, master comes unexpectedly, cuts him apart and puts with hypocrites - fletus et stridor dentium = weeping and gnashing.

Matthew 25

1 At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom.

2 Five of them were foolish and five were wise.

3 The foolish ones took their lamps but did not take any oil with them.

4 The wise ones, however, took oil in jars along with their lamps.

5 The bridegroom was a long time in coming, and they all became drowsy and fell asleep.

6 At midnight the cry rang out: Here's the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!

7 Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps.

8 The foolish ones said to the wise, Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going out.

9 No, they replied, there may not be enough for both us and you. Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.

10 But while they were on their way to buy the oil, the bridegroom arrived. The virgins who were ready went in with him to the wedding banquet. And the door was shut.

11 Later the others also came. Lord, Lord, they said, open the door for us!

12 But he replied, Truly I tell you, I don't know you.

13 Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour.

14 Again, it will be like a man going on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted his wealth to them.

15 To one he gave five bags of gold, to another two bags, and to another one bag, each according to his ability. Then he went on his journey.

16 The man who had received five bags of gold went at once and put his money to work and gained five bags more.

17 So also, the one with two bags of gold gained two more.

18 But the man who had received one bag went off, dug a hole in the ground and hid his master's money.

19 After a long time the master of those servants returned and settled accounts with them.

20 The man who had received five bags of gold brought the other five. Master, he said, you entrusted me with five bags of gold. See, I have gained five more.

21 His master replied, Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things. Come and share your master's happiness!

22 The man with two bags of gold also came. Master, he said, you entrusted me with two bags of gold; see, I have gained two more.

23 His master replied, Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things. Come and share your master's happiness!

24 Then the man who had received one bag of gold came. Master, he said, I knew that you are a hard man, harvesting where you have not sown and gathering where you have not scattered seed.

25 So I was afraid and went out and hid your gold in the ground. See, here is what belongs to you.

26 His master replied, You wicked, lazy servant! So you knew that I harvest where I have not sown and gather where I have not scattered seed?

27 Well then, you should have put my money on deposit with the bankers, so that when I returned I would have received it back with interest.

28 So take the bag of gold from him and give it to the one who has ten bags.

29 For whoever has will be given more, and they will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what they have will be taken from them.

30 And throw that worthless servant outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

31 When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his glorious throne.

32 All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats.

33 He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left.

34 Then the King will say to those on his right, Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world.

35 For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in,

36 I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.

37 Then the righteous will answer him, Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink?

38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you?

39 When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?

40 The King will reply, Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.

41 Then he will say to those on his left, Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.

42 For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink,

43 I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after me.

44 They also will answer, Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you?

45 He will reply, Truly I tell you, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.

46 Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 25

1 Tunc simile erit regnum cælorum decem virginibus: quæ accipientes lampades suas exierunt obviam sponso et sponsæ - Then kingdom like ten virgins taking lamps went to meet bridegroom and bride - decem virginibus = ten virgins, bridesmaids waiting for groom to bring bride home, lamps for night procession, sponsæ included in Clementine (bride).

2-4 Quinque fatuæ, et quinque prudentes... non sumpserunt oleum secum - Five foolish and five wise, foolish took lamps no oil, wise took oil in vasis = vessels, jars - preparation.

5 Moram faciente sponso, dormitaverunt omnes et dormierunt - Delay made by bridegroom, all dozed and slept - long delay tests all.

6 Media nocte clamor factus est: Ecce sponsus venit - At midnight cry made: Behold bridegroom comes - unexpected hour.

7 Ornaverunt lampades suas - Trimmed/adorned lamps - ornaverunt = prepared wicks.

10 Quæ paratæ erant, intraverunt cum eo ad nuptias, et clausa est janua - Who were ready entered with him to wedding, door shut - exclusiveness.

12 Nescio vos - I don't know you - no relationship.

13 Vigilate itaque, quia nescitis diem, neque horam - Watch therefore, don't know day nor hour - main point.

14 Sicut enim homo peregre proficiscens, vocavit servos suos, et tradidit illis bona sua - As man going abroad called servants and handed over goods - parable of talents.

15 Uni dedit quinque talenta, alii autem duo, alii vero unum, unicuique secundum propriam virtutem - One gave five talents, another two, another one, each according to own ability/virtue - talentum = huge sum (~6000 denarii, 20 years wage), not ability word but money, distribued by capacity.

16 Operatus est in eis, et lucratus est alia quinque - Worked with them and gained another five - active trading.

18 Fodit in terram, et abscondit pecuniam domini sui - Dug in earth and hid money of lord - fearful, burying money was considered safe under rabbinic law.

19 Post multum temporis venit dominus... et posuit rationem cum eis - After much time master came and settled account - long delay = time before Christ's return.

21-23 Euge serve bone, et fidelis: quia super pauca fuisti fidelis, super multa te constituam; intra in gaudium domini tui - Well done good and faithful servant, over few faithful, over many I will set you, enter into joy of your lord - same praise for 5 and 2, faithfulness not amount matters.

24 Homo durus es; metis ubi non seminasti - Hard man, you reap where you didn't sow - excuse, accusing master harsh.

26 Serve male, et piger - Wicked and lazy servant - male = evil, piger = lazy.

27 Oportuit ergo te committere pecuniam meam numulariis, et veniens ego recepissem... cum usura - Ought to entrust money to bankers, and coming I would have received with interest - usura = interest, at least minimal effort.

28-29 Tollite ab eo talentum... omni enim habenti dabitur - Take talent from him... to everyone who has more given - principle of stewardship.

30 Inutilem servum ejicite in tenebras exteriores - Useless servant cast into outer darkness - inutilem = worthless, unprofitable.

31 Cum autem venerit Filius hominis in majestate sua - When Son of Man comes in majesty - majestate = glory - throne judgment.

32 Congregabuntur ante eum omnes gentes, et separabit eos ab invicem, sicut pastor segregat oves ab hædis - Gathered before him all nations, separate as shepherd separates sheep from goats - gentes = peoples, nations, individuals, shepherd knows difference.

34 Venite benedicti Patris mei, possidete paratum vobis regnum a constitutione mundi - Come blessed of my Father, possess kingdom prepared from foundation of world - inheritance not earned but prepared.

35-36 Esurivi... sitivi... hospes... nudus... infirmus... in carcere - I hungered... thirsted... stranger... naked... sick... in prison - six works of mercy.

40 Quamdiu fecistis uni ex his fratribus meis minimis, mihi fecistis - As long as you did to one of least of my brothers, you did to me - fratribus minimis = least brothers, identifies with poor/suffering disciples.

41 Discedite a me maledicti in ignem æternum, qui paratus est diabolo, et angelis ejus - Depart from me cursed into eternal fire prepared for devil and his angels - hell originally not for man but devil, man goes by choosing.

46 Ibunt hi in supplicium æternum: justi autem in vitam æternam - These will go into eternal punishment, just into eternal life - supplicium = punishment, same adjective æternum for both - parallel duration.

Matthew 26

1 When Jesus had finished saying all these things, he said to his disciples,

2 As you know, the Passover is two days away - and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified.

3 Then the chief priests and the elders of the people assembled in the palace of the high priest, whose name was Caiaphas,

4 and they schemed to arrest Jesus secretly and kill him.

5 But not during the festival, they said, or there may be a riot among the people.

6 While Jesus was in Bethany in the home of Simon the Leper,

7 a woman came to him with an alabaster jar of very expensive perfume, which she poured on his head as he was reclining at the table.

8 When the disciples saw this, they were indignant. Why this waste? they asked.

9 This perfume could have been sold at a high price and the money given to the poor.

10 Aware of this, Jesus said to them, Why are you bothering this woman? She has done a beautiful thing to me.

11 The poor you will always have with you, but you will not always have me.

12 When she poured this perfume on my body, she did it to prepare me for burial.

13 Truly I tell you, wherever this gospel is preached throughout the world, what she has done will also be told, in memory of her.

14 Then one of the Twelve - the one called Judas Iscariot - went to the chief priests

15 and asked, What are you willing to give me if I deliver him over to you? So they counted out for him thirty pieces of silver.

16 From then on Judas watched for an opportunity to hand him over.

17 On the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and asked, Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?

18 He replied, Go into the city to a certain man and tell him, The Teacher says: My appointed time is near. I am going to celebrate the Passover with my disciples at your house.

19 So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover.

20 When evening came, Jesus was reclining at the table with the Twelve.

21 And while they were eating, he said, Truly I tell you, one of you will betray me.

22 They were very sad and began to say to him one after the other, Surely you don't mean me, Lord?

23 Jesus replied, The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray me.

24 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born.

25 Then Judas, the one who would betray him, said, Surely you don't mean me, Rabbi? Jesus answered, You have said so.

26 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to his disciples, saying, Take and eat; this is my body.

27 Then he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, Drink from it, all of you.

28 This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.

29 I tell you, I will not drink from this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.

30 When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.

31 Then Jesus told them, This very night you will all fall away on account of me, for it is written: I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.

32 But after I have risen, I will go ahead of you into Galilee.

33 Peter replied, Even if all fall away on account of you, I never will.

34 Truly I tell you, Jesus answered, this very night, before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times.

35 But Peter declared, Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you. And all the other disciples said the same.

36 Then Jesus went with his disciples to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to them, Sit here while I go over there and pray.

37 He took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee along with him, and he began to be sorrowful and troubled.

38 Then he said to them, My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch with me.

39 Going a little farther, he fell with his face to the ground and prayed, My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from me. Yet not as I will, but as you will.

40 Then he returned to his disciples and found them sleeping. Couldn't you men keep watch with me for one hour? he asked Peter.

41 Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.

42 He went away a second time and prayed, My Father, if it is not possible for this cup to be taken away unless I drink it, may your will be done.

43 When he came back, he again found them sleeping, because their eyes were heavy.

44 So he left them and went away once more and prayed the third time, saying the same thing.

45 Then he returned to the disciples and said to them, Are you still sleeping and resting? Look, the hour has come, and the Son of Man is delivered into the hands of sinners.

46 Rise! Let us go! Here comes my betrayer!

47 While he was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived. With him was a large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and the elders of the people.

48 Now the betrayer had arranged a signal with them: The one I kiss is the man; arrest him.

49 Going at once to Jesus, Judas said, Greetings, Rabbi! and kissed him.

50 Jesus replied, Do what you came for, friend. Then the men stepped forward, seized Jesus and arrested him.

51 With that, one of Jesus' companions reached for his sword, drew it out and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear.

52 Put your sword back in its place, Jesus said to him, for all who draw the sword will die by the sword.

53 Do you think I cannot call on my Father, and he will at once put at my disposal more than twelve legions of angels?

54 But how then would the Scriptures be fulfilled that say it must happen in this way?

55 In that hour Jesus said to the crowd, Am I leading a rebellion, that you have come out with swords and clubs to capture me? Every day I sat in the temple courts teaching, and you did not arrest me.

56 But this has all taken place that the writings of the prophets might be fulfilled. Then all the disciples deserted him and fled.

57 Those who had arrested Jesus took him to Caiaphas the high priest, where the teachers of the law and the elders had assembled.

58 But Peter followed him at a distance, right up to the courtyard of the high priest. He entered and sat down with the guards to see the outcome.

59 The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.

60 But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward

61 and declared, This fellow said, I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.

62 Then the high priest stood up and said to Jesus, Are you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these men are bringing against you?

63 But Jesus remained silent. The high priest said to him, I charge you under oath by the living God: Tell us if you are the Messiah, the Son of God.

64 You have said so, Jesus replied. But I say to all of you: From now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven.

65 Then the high priest tore his clothes and said, He has spoken blasphemy! Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you have heard the blasphemy.

66 What do you think? He is worthy of death, they answered.

67 Then they spit in his face and struck him with their fists. Others slapped him

68 and said, Prophesy to us, Messiah. Who hit you?

69 Now Peter was sitting out in the courtyard, and a servant girl came to him. You also were with Jesus of Galilee, she said.

70 But he denied it before them all. I don't know what you're talking about, he said.

71 Then he went out to the gateway, where another servant girl saw him and said to the people there, This fellow was with Jesus of Nazareth.

72 He denied it again, with an oath: I don't know the man!

73 After a little while, those standing there went up to Peter and said, Surely you are one of them; your accent gives you away.

74 Then he began to call down curses, and he swore to them, I don't know the man! Immediately a rooster crowed.

75 Then Peter remembered the word Jesus had spoken: Before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times. And he went outside and wept bitterly.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 26

1 Et factum est: cum consummasset Jesus sermones hos omnes - When finished all these words - end of Olivet Discourse.

2 Scitis quia post biduum Pascha fiet, et Filius hominis tradetur ut crucifigatur - You know after two days Passover will be, Son handed to be crucified - prediction of timing.

3 In atrium principis sacerdotum, qui dicebatur Caiphas - Into court of high priest called Caiaphas - atrium = palace courtyard.

4 Ut Jesum dolo tenerent, et occiderent - To hold Jesus by trick and kill - dolo = deceit, stealth.

6 In Bethania in domo Simonis leprosi - Bethany in house of Simon leper - healed leper, still called leper.

7 Mulier habens alabastrum unguenti pretiosi, et effudit super caput ipsius recumbentis - Woman having alabaster of precious ointment poured on head as he reclined - alabastrum = flask, recumbent at table.

8 Ut quid perditio hæc? - Why this loss/waste? - disciples indignant.

10 Opus enim bonum operata est in me - Good work she worked in me - beautiful thing.

12 Ad sepeliendum me fecit - For burying me she did - anointing for burial, prophetically.

15 Triginta argenteos - Thirty silvers - price of slave Exodus 21:32, Zechariah 11:12.

17 Prima die azymorum - First day of unleavened bread - Passover preparation day.

18 Tempus meum prope est - My time is near - kairos.

21 Unus vestrum me traditurus est - One of you will betray me.

23 Qui intingit mecum manum in paropside - Who dips with me hand in dish - paropside = platter, bowl, shared dish sign of closeness.

24 Væ autem homini illi... bonum erat ei, si natus non fuisset homo ille - Woe to that man... good for him if not born.

25 Numquid ego sum Rabbi? Ait illi: Tu dixisti - Is it I Rabbi? You said - affirmation.

26 Accepit Jesus panem, et benedixit, ac fregit... hoc est corpus meum - Took bread, blessed, broke... this is my body - institution of Eucharist, foundation of Catholic Mass.

27-28 Hic est enim sanguis meus novi testamenti, qui pro multis effundetur in remissionem peccatorum - This is my blood of new testament poured for many for remission of sins - testamenti = covenant.

29 Non bibam amodo de hoc genimine vitis - I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of vine - vow until kingdom.

30 Et hymno dicto, exierunt in montem Oliveti - And hymn said, went out to Mount of Olives - sang Hallel Psalms 113-118.

31 Omnes vos scandalum patiemini in me in ista nocte. Scriptum est: Percutiam pastorem, et dispergentur oves gregis - All will suffer scandal in me this night, written: I will strike shepherd and sheep scattered - Zechariah 13:7.

34 Antequam gallus cantet, ter me negabis - Before rooster crows, three times deny me.

36 Villam quæ dicitur Gethsemani - Estate called Gethsemane - oil press, at foot of Olives.

38 Tristis est anima mea usque ad mortem - Sad is my soul even to death - deep sorrow.

39 Procidit in faciem suam, orans... Pater mi, si possibile est, transeat a me calix iste - Fell on face praying, Father if possible let cup pass - calix = cup of suffering, wrath.

41 Spiritus quidem promptus est, caro autem infirma - Spirit prompt, flesh weak - famous saying.

45 Dormite jam, et requiescite - Sleep now and rest - ironic, maybe rhetorical, time has come.

48 Quemcumque osculatus fuero, ipse est, tenete eum - Whomever I kiss, he is, hold him - osculatus = kiss, sign of betrayal.

49 Ave Rabbi. Et osculatus est eum - Hail Rabbi, and kissed him.

50 Amice, ad quid venisti? - Friend, why have you come? - amice = friend.

51 Unus ex his qui erant cum Jesu, extendens manum, exemit gladium suum... amputavit auriculam - One with Jesus drew sword cut ear - Peter per John, servant Malchus.

52 Converte gladium tuum in locum suum: omnes enim, qui acceperint gladium, gladio peribunt - Return sword to place, all who take sword will perish by sword.

53 Plusquam duodecim legiones angelorum - More than twelve legions of angels - legion = 6000, twelve legions = 72,000 angels, one per disciple? Shows power.

55 Tamquam ad latronem existis cum gladiis et fustibus - As against robber you came out with swords and clubs - latronem = bandit, insurrectionist.

59 Omne concilium, quærebant falsum testimonium - Whole council sought false testimony - illegal night trial.

61 Possum destruere templum Dei, et post triduum reædificare illud - I can destroy temple and after three days rebuild - distorted Jesus' words about his body John 2:19.

63 Adjuro te per Deum vivum, ut dicas nobis si tu es Christus Filius Dei - I adjure you by living God tell us if you are Christ Son of God - high priest puts under oath.

64 Tu dixisti. Verumtamen dico vobis, amodo videbitis Filium hominis sedentem a dextris virtutis Dei, et venientem in nubibus cæli - You said it, but from now you will see Son seated at right of Power and coming on clouds - Psalm 110:1 + Daniel 7:13, claim of divinity.

65 Scidit vestimenta sua, dicens: Blasphemavit - Tore garments saying blasphemed - tearing clothes forbidden for high priest Leviticus 21:10, but done in alleged blasphemy.

67 Exspuerunt in faciem ejus, et colaphis eum ceciderunt - Spit in face and struck with fists - colaphis = punches.

69-74 Petrus... negavit... - Peter denial - ancilla = maid servant, foris in atrio = outside in courtyard, juramento = oath, detestari = curse, loquela manifestum te facit = speech makes you manifest (Galilean accent). Gallus cantavit - rooster crowed.

75 Flevit amare - Wept bitterly - amare = bitterly, repentance.

Matthew 27

1 Early in the morning, all the chief priests and the elders of the people made their plans how to have Jesus executed.

2 So they bound him, led him away and handed him over to Pilate the governor.

3 When Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus was condemned, he was seized with remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders.

4 I have sinned, he said, for I have betrayed innocent blood. What is that to us? they replied. That's your responsibility.

5 So Judas threw the money into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself.

6 The chief priests picked up the coins and said, It is against the law to put this into the treasury, since it is blood money.

7 So they decided to use the money to buy the potter's field as a burial place for foreigners.

8 That is why it has been called the Field of Blood to this day.

9 Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled: They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price set on him by the people of Israel,

10 and they used them to buy the potter's field, as the Lord commanded me.

11 Meanwhile Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, Are you the king of the Jews? You have said so, Jesus replied.

12 When he was accused by the chief priests and the elders, he gave no answer.

13 Then Pilate asked him, Don't you hear the testimony they are bringing against you?

14 But Jesus made no reply, not even to a single charge - to the great amazement of the governor.

15 Now it was the governor's custom at the festival to release a prisoner chosen by the crowd.

16 At that time they had a well-known prisoner whose name was Barabbas.

17 So when the crowd had gathered, Pilate asked them, Which one do you want me to release to you: Barabbas, or Jesus who is called the Messiah?

18 For he knew it was out of self-interest that they had handed Jesus over to him.

19 While Pilate was sitting on the judge's seat, his wife sent him this message: Don't have anything to do with that innocent man, for I have suffered a great deal today in a dream because of him.

20 But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to ask for Barabbas and to have Jesus executed.

21 Which of the two do you want me to release to you? asked the governor. Barabbas, they answered.

22 What shall I do, then, with Jesus who is called the Messiah? Pilate asked. They all answered, Crucify him!

23 Why? What crime has he committed? asked Pilate. But they shouted all the louder, Crucify him!

24 When Pilate saw that he was getting nowhere, but that instead an uproar was starting, he took water and washed his hands in front of the crowd. I am innocent of this man's blood, he said. It is your responsibility!

25 All the people answered, His blood is on us and on our children!

26 Then he released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be crucified.

27 Then the governor's soldiers took Jesus into the Praetorium and gathered the whole company of soldiers around him.

28 They stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him,

29 and then twisted together a crown of thorns and set it on his head. They put a staff in his right hand. Then they knelt in front of him and mocked him. Hail, king of the Jews! they said.

30 They spit on him, and took the staff and struck him on the head again and again.

31 After they had mocked him, they took off the robe and put his own clothes on him. Then they led him away to crucify him.

32 As they were going out, they met a man from Cyrene, named Simon, and they forced him to carry the cross.

33 They came to a place called Golgotha (which means the place of the skull).

34 There they offered Jesus wine to drink, mixed with gall; but after tasting it, he refused to drink it.

35 When they had crucified him, they divided up his clothes by casting lots.

36 And sitting down, they kept watch over him there.

37 Above his head they placed the written charge against him: THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

38 Two rebels were crucified with him, one on his right and one on his left.

39 Those who passed by hurled insults at him, shaking their heads

40 and saying, You who are going to destroy the temple and build it in three days, save yourself! Come down from the cross, if you are the Son of God!

41 In the same way the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders mocked him.

42 He saved others, they said, but he can't save himself! He's the king of Israel! Let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him.

43 He trusts in God. Let God rescue him now if he wants him, for he said, I am the Son of God.

44 In the same way the rebels who were crucified with him also heaped insults on him.

45 From noon until three in the afternoon darkness came over all the land.

46 About three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani? (which means My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?).

47 When some of those standing there heard this, they said, He's calling Elijah.

48 Immediately one of them ran and got a sponge. He filled it with wine vinegar, put it on a staff, and offered it to Jesus to drink.

49 The rest said, Now leave him alone. Let's see if Elijah comes to save him.

50 And when Jesus had cried out again in a loud voice, he gave up his spirit.

51 At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split

52 and the tombs broke open. The bodies of many holy people who had died were raised to life.

53 They came out of the tombs after Jesus' resurrection and went into the holy city and appeared to many people.

54 When the centurion and those with him who were guarding Jesus saw the earthquake and all that had happened, they were terrified, and exclaimed, Surely he was the Son of God!

55 Many women were there, watching from a distance. They had followed Jesus from Galilee to care for his needs.

56 Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joseph, and the mother of Zebedee's sons.

57 As evening approached, there came a rich man from Arimathea, named Joseph, who had himself become a disciple of Jesus.

58 Going to Pilate, he asked for Jesus' body, and Pilate ordered that it be given to him.

59 Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,

60 and placed it in his own new tomb that he had cut out of the rock. He rolled a big stone in front of the entrance to the tomb and went away.

61 Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were sitting there opposite the tomb.

62 The next day, the one after Preparation Day, the chief priests and the Pharisees went to Pilate.

63 Sir, they said, we remember that while he was still alive that deceiver said, After three days I will rise again.

64 So give the order for the tomb to be made secure until the third day. Otherwise, his disciples may come and steal the body and tell the people that he has been raised from the dead. This last deception will be worse than the first.

65 Take a guard, Pilate answered. Go, make the tomb as secure as you know how.

66 So they went and made the tomb secure by putting a seal on the stone and posting the guard.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 27

1 Mane facto, consilium inierunt... adversus Jesum, ut eum morti traderent - Morning, took counsel to put Jesus to death - formal decision after night trial.

2 Vinctum adduxerunt eum, et tradiderunt Pontio Pilato præsidi - Bound and delivered to Pontius Pilate governor - vinctum = bound.

3 Videns Judas... pœnitentia ductus, retulit triginta argenteos - Seeing Judas... led by repentance/ remorse, returned 30 silvers - pœnitentia ductus = moved by remorse, not full repentance.

4 Peccavi, tradens sanguinem justum. Quid ad nos? tu videris - I sinned betraying just blood. What to us? You see to it - cold response.

5 Projectis argenteis in templo... laqueo se suspendit - Threw silvers in temple, hanged himself with noose - laqueo = rope.

6 Non licet eos mittere in corbonam: quia pretium sanguinis est - Not lawful to put into treasury (corbona = offering box), because price of blood.

7 Agrum figuli, in sepulturam peregrinorum - Potter's field for burial of strangers - cheap useless land.

8 Haceldama, hoc est, Ager sanguinis - Haceldama = field of blood - Aramaic.

9-10 Tunc impletum est quod dictum est per Jeremiam... Et acceperunt triginta argenteos... et dederunt eos in agrum figuli - Fulfilled what said through Jeremiah... took 30 silvers... gave for potter's field - actually Zechariah 11:12-13, but Jeremiah as representative of prophets? Clementine attributes to Jeremiah, complex.

11 Tu es rex Judæorum? Dicit illi Jesus: Tu dicis - Are you king of Jews? You say - affirmative but guarded.

14 Non respondit ei ad ullum verbum - Did not answer to any word - fulfillment Isaiah 53:7 silent.

15 Per diem solemnem consueverat præses populo dimittere unum vinctum - On solemn day governor accustomed to release one prisoner - Passover amnesty custom.

16 Vinctum insignem, qui dicebatur Barabbas - Notorious prisoner called Barabbas - Bar-Abbas = son of father, some manuscripts Jesus Barabbas.

18 Per invidiam tradidissent eum - Through envy delivered him.

19 Nihil tibi, et justo illi: multa enim passa sum hodie per visum propter eum - Nothing to you and that just man, many things suffered today in dream because of him - Pilate's wife, justum = just/righteous man, per visum = through dream.

22-23 Crucifigatur... Quid enim mali fecit? - Crucify... What evil did he do? - Pilate tries.

24 Accepta aqua, lavit manus coram populo, dicens: Innocens ego sum a sanguine justi hujus - Took water washed hands saying innocent of blood of this just man - hand washing symbol of innocence Deuteronomy 21:6-7.

25 Sanguis ejus super nos, et super filios nostros - His blood on us and our children - tragic self-curse, fulfilled 70 AD.

26 Flagellatum tradidit - Scourged then handed - flagellatum = Roman scourging with whip.

27 In prætorium, congregaverunt ad eum universam cohortem - Into praetorium gathered whole cohort (600 soldiers) - mocking.

28 Chlamydem coccineam circumdederunt ei - Scarlet cloak put around - chlamys = military cloak, coccineam = scarlet, mock royal robe.

29 Plectentes coronam de spinis, posuerunt super caput ejus, et arundinem in dextera ejus. Et genu flexo ante eum - Twisting crown of thorns, put on head, reed in right hand, bending knee before him - corona de spinis = crown of thorns, arundinem = reed as scepter, genu flexo = knee bent.

32 Hunc angariaverunt ut tolleret crucem ejus - Compelled to bear cross - angariare = force into service, Roman law to compel.

33 Golgotha, quod est Calvariæ locus - Golgotha which is place of skull - Calvary from Latin calva = skull.

34 Vinum bibere cum felle mistum - Wine to drink mixed with gall - felle = bile, bitter drug to dull pain, Psalm 69:21, he refused - wanted full suffering.

35 Diviserunt vestimenta ejus, sortem mittentes - Divided garments casting lot - Psalm 22:18 fulfillment.

37 Causam ipsius scriptam: Hic est Jesus rex Judæorum - Cause written: This is Jesus King of Jews - titulus, charge.

39 Prætereuntes blasphemabant eum moventes capita sua - Passersby blasphemed wagging heads - Psalm 22:7.

43 Confidit in Deo: liberet nunc, si vult eum - He trusts in God, let deliver now if he wants him - Psalm 22:8.

45 A sexta hora tenebræ factæ sunt super universam terram usque ad horam nonam - From sixth hour (noon) darkness over whole land to ninth hour (3pm) - supernatural darkness.

46 Eli, Eli, lamma sabacthani? hoc est: Deus meus, Deus meus, ut quid dereliquisti me? - Eli Eli lama sabachthani? My God why forsake me? - Psalm 22:1, Hebrew/Aramaic, feeling abandonment as bearing sin.

50 Clamans voce magna, emisit spiritum - Crying with loud voice, sent out spirit - emisit = yielded, voluntary death, loud cry shows not exhausted.

51 Velum templi scissum est in duas partes a summo usque deorsum - Veil of temple torn in two from top to bottom - veil separating Holy of Holies, access now open, torn by God top to bottom.

52-53 Monumenta aperta sunt... multa corpora sanctorum... surrexerunt... exeuntes de monumentis post resurrectionem ejus - Tombs opened, many bodies of saints arose, coming out after his resurrection - foretaste of resurrection.

54 Centurio... timuerunt valde, dicentes: Vere Filius Dei erat iste - Centurion... feared greatly saying truly this was Son of God - Gentile confession.

57 Homo dives ab Arimathæa, nomine Joseph - Rich man from Arimathea named Joseph - Isaiah 53:9 with rich in death.

58 Petiit corpus Jesu - Asked for body - bold act.

59 Sindone munda - Clean linen cloth - sindon = linen shroud.

60 Monumento suo novo, quod exciderat in petra. Et advolvit saxum magnum - New tomb cut in rock, rolled great stone - unused tomb, virgin tomb.

62 Altera die, quæ est post Parasceven - Next day which is after Preparation - Parasceve = Friday preparation, so Saturday Sabbath.

63 Seductor ille dixit adhuc vivens: Post tres dies resurgam - That deceiver said while alive: After three days I will rise.

64 Jube custodiri sepulchrum usque in diem tertium... erit novissimus error pejor priore - Order tomb guarded until third day... last error worse than first - last deception = resurrection claim worse than first (claim to be Messiah).

65 Habetis custodiam, ite, custodite sicut scitis - You have guard, go guard as you know - custodiam = guard of soldiers.

66 Munierunt sepulchrum, signantes lapidem, cum custodibus - Fortified tomb, sealing stone with guards - sealing with Roman seal, guard posted, makes resurrection undeniable.

Matthew 28

1 After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb.

2 There was a violent earthquake, for an angel of the Lord came down from heaven and, going to the tomb, rolled back the stone and sat on it.

3 His appearance was like lightning, and his clothes were white as snow.

4 The guards were so afraid of him that they shook and became like dead men.

5 The angel said to the women, Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified.

6 He is not here; he has risen, just as he said. Come and see the place where he lay.

7 Then go quickly and tell his disciples: He has risen from the dead and is going ahead of you into Galilee. There you will see him. Now I have told you.

8 So the women hurried away from the tomb, afraid yet filled with joy, and ran to tell his disciples.

9 Suddenly Jesus met them. Greetings, he said. They came to him, clasped his feet and worshiped him.

10 Then Jesus said to them, Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they will see me.

11 While the women were on their way, some of the guards went into the city and reported to the chief priests everything that had happened.

12 When the chief priests had met with the elders and devised a plan, they gave the soldiers a large sum of money,

13 telling them, You are to say, His disciples came during the night and stole him away while we were asleep.

14 If this report gets to the governor, we will satisfy him and keep you out of trouble.

15 So the soldiers took the money and did as they were instructed. And this story has been widely circulated among the Jews to this very day.

16 Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go.

17 When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted.

18 Then Jesus came to them and said, All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.

19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,

20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.

Vulgate Clementine Translation Notes - Matthew 28

1 Vespere autem sabbati, quæ lucescit in prima sabbati, venit Maria Magdalene, et altera Maria, videre sepulchrum - In evening of Sabbath which dawns into first of Sabbath (week), came Mary Magdalene and other Mary to see tomb - vespere = evening, lucescit = grows light, prima sabbati = first day of week, Jewish day starts evening, so Saturday evening transitioning to Sunday dawn - both Marys.

2 Et ecce terræmotus factus est magnus. Angelus enim Domini descendit de cælo: et accedens revolvit lapidem, et sedebat super eum - And behold great earthquake made. Angel descended from heaven, approaching rolled stone and sat upon it - revolvit = rolled back, sedebat = sat, triumphant.

3 Erat autem aspectus ejus sicut fulgur: et vestimentum ejus sicut nix - Appearance like lightning, garment like snow - aspectus = look, fulgur = lightning, divine radiance.

4 Præ timore ejus exterriti sunt custodes, et facti sunt velut mortui - For fear guards terrified and became as dead - exterriti = shaken, velut mortui = like dead men - professional soldiers incapacitated.

5 Nolite timere vos: scio enim, quod Jesum, qui crucifixus est, quæritis - Do not fear, I know that Jesus who was crucified you seek - crucifixus = crucified, title now of risen one.

6 Non est hic: surrexit enim, sicut dixit: venite, et videte locum ubi positus erat Dominus - He is not here, for he rose as he said, come see place where Lord was placed - surrexit = he rose, active, Dominus = Lord.

7 Et cito euntes, dicite discipulis ejus quia surrexit: et ecce præcedit vos in Galilæam - And quickly going tell disciples he rose, behold he goes before you into Galilee - præcedit = goes ahead, leads as shepherd.

8 Et exierunt cito de monumento cum timore et gaudio magno, currentes nuntiare discipulis ejus - Exited quickly from tomb with fear and great joy, running to announce - timore et gaudio magno = fear and great joy mixed, first evangelists women.

9 Et ecce Jesus occurrit illis, dicens: Avete. Illæ autem accesserunt, et tenuerunt pedes ejus, et adoraverunt eum - And behold Jesus met them saying Hail (Avete = rejoice, greetings), they came and held his feet and worshipped - tenuerunt pedes = clasped feet, physical resurrected body, adoraverunt = worshipped, prostrated.

10 Nolite timere: ite, nuntiate fratribus meis ut eant in Galilæam; ibi me videbunt - Do not fear, go announce to my brothers that they go to Galilee there see me - fratribus meis = my brothers - disciples now brothers after resurrection.

11 Quæ cum abiissent, ecce quidam de custodibus venerunt in civitatem, et nuntiaverunt principibus sacerdotum omnia quæ facta fuerant - As they went, some guards came into city and announced to chief priests all that happened - two reports going simultaneously: women to disciples, guards to priests.

12-13 Congregati cum senioribus consilio accepto, pecuniam copiosam dederunt militibus, dicentes: Dicite quia discipuli ejus nocte venerunt, et furati sunt eum, nobis dormientibus - Gathered with elders taking counsel, gave abundant money to soldiers saying: Say disciples came by night and stole him while we slept - copiosam = large sum, bribery, furati sunt = stole, weak story - sleeping guards couldn't see thieves.

14 Et si hoc auditum fuerit a præside, nos suadebimus ei, et securos vos faciemus - And if this heard by governor, we will persuade him and make you secure - sleeping on guard duty was capital offense for Roman soldiers, priests promise protection.

15 Et divulgatum est verbum istud apud Judæos, usque in hodiernum diem - And this word spread among Jews to this day - Matthew notes rumor still circulating when he writes.

16 Undecim discipuli abierunt in Galilæam in montem ubi constituerat illis Jesus - Eleven disciples went to Galilee to mountain where Jesus appointed them - mountain, like Sinai, new law giving.

17 Videntes eum adoraverunt: quidam autem dubitaverunt - Seeing him worshipped, some doubted - quidam dubitaverunt = some hesitated, doubt even at appearance, honest note.

18 Data est mihi omnis potestas in cælo et in terra - Given to me all power in heaven and earth - data est = has been given, omnis potestas = all authority, after resurrection, claim of universal kingship, Daniel 7:14.

19 Euntes ergo docete omnes gentes: baptizantes eos in nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti - Going therefore teach all nations, baptizing in name of Father and Son and Holy Spirit - Great Commission, euntes = as you go, docete = make disciples (not just teach), omnes gentes = all nations including Gentiles, baptizantes = baptizing, in nomine singular - one name, three persons, Trinity formula.

20 Docentes eos servare omnia quæcumque mandavi vobis: et ecce ego vobiscum sum omnibus diebus, usque ad consummationem sæculi - Teaching them to keep all whatever I commanded you, behold I am with you all days until consummation of age - servare = keep, obey, observe, consummatio sæculi = end/completion of age, promise of presence - Emmanuel, God with us from Matthew 1:23 to end.

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